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AThe Santa Cruz Operation Incorporate (SCO), a US-based software developer, opened a representative office in Beijing yesterday.Founded in 1979, SCO has become the world’s leading developer and supplier of software for UNIX systems. The new office in Beijing will bring SCO closer to Chinese customers and help it understand the massive Chinese market better, said Lars Turndal, SCO’S president and chief executive officer. SCO will mainly target government, departments, key industries and service institutions.BUS computer giant International Business Machines (IBM) last week announced that it will invest at least $100 million in information technology projects in China. This makes IBM the first foreign company to become involved in the country’s top information infrastructure project,CCoca-Cola has been voted the top international company in Asia, according to a recent survey published by the Far Eastern Economic Review, a major Asian magazine. Readers of this and other prominent Asian economic magazines choose Coca-Cola from among 500 large international companies in Asia. Cola-Cola is now the world’s largest beverage company serving 685 million drinks per day in more than 195 countries.DGRD, the manufacturing giant, plans to cut 1,500 jobs at its Portland factory over the next five years after union refusal to increase productivity. As a result, GRD have been forced to downsize the Portland plant. One hundred million dollars will be invested.（）
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A price represents the value of a goods or service for both the seller and the buyer. Price planning is systematic decision-making by an organization regarding all aspects of pricing.The value of a goods or service can involve both tangible and intangible marketing factors. An example of a tangible marketing factor is the cost savings (8) . An example of an intangible marketing factor is a consumer’s pride in the ownership of a Lamborghini rather than another brand of automobile. For an example to take place, both the buyer and seller must feel that the price of a goods or service provides an equitable value. To the buyer, the payment of a price reduces purchasing power (9) . To the seller, receipt of a price is a source of revenue and an important determinant of sale and profit levels.Many words are substitutes for the term price: admission fee, membership fee, rate, tuition, service charge, donation, rent, salary, interest, retainer, and assessment. No matter what it is called, (10) : monetary and non-monetary charges, discounts, handling and shipping fees, credit charges and other forms of interest, and late-payment penalties.A non-price exchange would be selling a new iron for 10 books of trading stamps or an airline offering tickets as payment for advertising space and time. Monetary and non-monetary exchange may be combined. This is common with automobiles, (11) . This combination allows a reduction in the monetary price.From a broader perspective, price is the mechanism for allocating goods and services among potential purchasers and for ensuring competition among sellers in an open market economy. If there is an excess of demand over supply, prices are usually bid up by consumers. If there is an excess of supply over demand, (12) . 8（）
Under the cash basis of accounting, a firm recognizes revenues from selling goods and providing Services in the period when it receives cash from customers. It reports (19) in the period when it makes cash expenditures for merchandise, salaries, insurance, taxes, and (20) items. To illustrate the measurement of performance under the cash basis of accounting, consider the following example.Donald and Joanne Allens open a hardware store on January 1, Year 1. The firm receives $20,000 (21) cash from the Aliens and borrows $12,000 from a local bank. It must repay the loan on June 30, Year 1, with interest charged (22) the rate of 12 percent per year. The firm rents a store building on January 1, and pays 2 months’ rent of $4,000 (23) . On January 1, it also pays the premium of $ 2,400 for property and liability insurance coverage for the year (24) December 31, Year 1. During January it acquires merchandise costing $40,000, (25) it purchases $26,000 for cash and $ 14,000 on account. Sales to customers during January total $50,000, of which $34,000 is for (26) and $16,000 is on account. The acquisition cost of the merchandise (27) during January is $32,000,and various employees receive $5,000 in salaries.Lawyers, accountants, and (28) professionals are the principal entities that use the cash basis of ac counting. These professionals have (29) small investments in multiperiod assets, (30) buildings and equipment, and usually collect cash from clients soon after they (31) services. Most of these firms actually use a modified cash basis of accounting, under which they (32) the costs of buildings, equipment, and similar items as assets (33) .Most individuals use the cash basis of accounting for the purpose of computing personal income and person al income taxes. 21（）
A price represents the value of a goods or service for both the seller and the buyer. Price planning is systematic decision-making by an organization regarding all aspects of pricing.The value of a goods or service can involve both tangible and intangible marketing factors. An example of a tangible marketing factor is the cost savings (8) . An example of an intangible marketing factor is a consumer’s pride in the ownership of a Lamborghini rather than another brand of automobile. For an example to take place, both the buyer and seller must feel that the price of a goods or service provides an equitable value. To the buyer, the payment of a price reduces purchasing power (9) . To the seller, receipt of a price is a source of revenue and an important determinant of sale and profit levels.Many words are substitutes for the term price: admission fee, membership fee, rate, tuition, service charge, donation, rent, salary, interest, retainer, and assessment. No matter what it is called, (10) : monetary and non-monetary charges, discounts, handling and shipping fees, credit charges and other forms of interest, and late-payment penalties.A non-price exchange would be selling a new iron for 10 books of trading stamps or an airline offering tickets as payment for advertising space and time. Monetary and non-monetary exchange may be combined. This is common with automobiles, (11) . This combination allows a reduction in the monetary price.From a broader perspective, price is the mechanism for allocating goods and services among potential purchasers and for ensuring competition among sellers in an open market economy. If there is an excess of demand over supply, prices are usually bid up by consumers. If there is an excess of supply over demand, (12) . 9（）
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