Although the prevailing supposition has been that it is too hot for microorganisms to survive deep below the Earth’s surface, some scientists argue that there are living communities of microorganisms there that have been cut off from surface life for millions of years. These scientists base their argument on the discovery of living microorganisms in samples of material that were taken from holes drilled as deep as 1.74 miles. The scientists’ argument depends on which of the following assumptions
A. The microorganisms brought up were of a species that is related to those previously known to science.
B. No holes have been drilled into the Earth’s surface to a distance deeper than 1.74 miles.
C. The microorganisms did not come from surface soil that came into contact with the drilling equipment.
D. The stratum from which the samples came has been below the surface of the Earth ever since the Earth came into existence.
E. The temperature at the bottom of the holes drilled was not significantly hotter than that of the hottest spots on the Earth’s surface.
The greatest chance for the existence of extraterrestrial life is on a planet beyond our solar system. The Milky Way galaxy alone contains 100 billion other suns, many of which could be accompanied by planets similar enough to Earth to make them suitable abodes of life. The statement above assumes which of the following
A. Living creatures on another planet would probably have the same appearance as those on Earth.
B. Life cannot exist on other planets in our solar system.
C. If the appropriate physical conditions exist, life is an in evitable consequence.
D. More than one of the suns in the galaxy is accompanied by an Earth-like planet.
E. It is likely that life on another planet would require conditions similar to those on Earth.
A child watching television experiences a procession of sights and sounds that flash from the screen just long enough for the eyes and ears to take them in. Unlike the pages of a book, which can be read as slowly or as quickly as the child wishes, television images appear with a relentless velocity that stunts rather than. enhances the child’s powers of imagination. The view expressed above is based on an assumption. Of the following, which can best serve as that assumption
A. When allowed to choose a form of entertainment, children will prefer reading to watching television.
B. A child’s imagination cannot be properly stimulated unless the child has access both to television and to books.
C. A child’s imagination can develop more fully when the child is able to control the pace of its entertainment.
D. Children should be taught to read as soon as they are able to understand what they see on television.
E. A child’s reaction to different forms of sensory stimuli cannot be predicted, since every child is different.
Bracken, a poisonous weed, is spreading and damaging much pastureland in the Northern Hemisphere. One potentially inexpensive and self-sustaining countermeasure is to introduce natural enemies of the plant; therefore, some scientists have proposed to control bracken by a release of brackeneating moths native to the Southern Hemisphere into brackeninfested areas in the Northern Hemisphere. If the scientists’ proposal for controlling bracken is adopted, which of the following is a necessary condition for its success
A. That bracken in the Northern Hemisphere grows in approximately the same climates and soil conditions in which it grows in the Southern Hemisphere.
B. That the released moths will feed on weeds other than bracken that are native to the Northern Hemisphere.
C. That the livestock that will return to pastures now lost to bracken will develop immunities to the diseases caused by bracken.
D. That the released moths will survive in sufficient numbers to build a population large enough to reduce bracken and retard its growth.
E. That traditional methods of control, such as burning, cutting, and chemical spraying, will not become less expensive or labor-intensive than they are now.
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