题目内容
Father’s involvement in bringing up children
Few people doubt the fundamental importance of mothers in child—rearing，but what do fathers do？Much of what they contribute is simply the result of being a second adult in the home． Bringing up children is demanding，stressflul and exhausting．Two adults can support and make up for each other’s deficiencies and build on each other’s strengths．
Fathers also bring an array of unique qualities．Some are familiar：protector and role model．Teenage boys without fathers are notoriously prone to trouble．The pathway to adulthood for daughters is somewhat easier，but they must still learn form. their fathers，in ways they cannot from their mothers，how to relate to men．They learn from their fathers about heterosexual trust．intimacy and difference． They learn to appteciate their own femininity from the one male who is most special in their lives．Most important，through loving and being loved by their fathers，they learn that they are love—worthy．
Current research gives much deeper—and more surprising—insight into the father’s role in child—rearing．One significantly overlooked dimension of fathering is play．From their children's birth through adolescence，fathers tend to emphasize play more than care taking．The father's style. of playis likely to be both physically stimnlating and exciting．With older children it involves more teamwork，requiring competitive testing of physical and mental skills． It frequently resembles a teaching relationship：come on，let me show yon how． Mothers play more at the child’s level． They seem to willing to let the child direct play．
Kids，at least in the early years，seem to prefer to play with daddy．In one study of 212-year-olds who were given a choice，more than two—thirds chose to play with their father．
The way fathers play has effects on everything from the management of emotions to intelligence and academic achievement．It is particularly important in promoting self—control． According to one expert，“children who youghhouse with their fathers quickly learn that biting，kicking and other forms of physical violence are not acceptable．”
At play and in other realms，fathers tend to stress competition，challenge，initiative，risk—taking confidence．Mothers，as caretakers，stress emotional security and personal safety．On the plalyground fathers often try to get the child to swing even higher，while mothers are cautious，worrying about an accident．
We know，too，that fathers’involvement seems to be linked to improved verhal and problem-solving skills and higher academic achievement．Several studies found that along with parental strictness，the amount of time fathers spent reading with them was a strong predicator of their daughters’verbal ability．
For sons the results have been equally striking．Studies uncovered a strong relationship between fathers’involvement and the mathematical abilities of their sons．Other studies found a relationship between parental nurturing and boys’verbal intelligence．
第 31 题 The first paragraph points out that one of the advantages of a family with both parents is________．
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“An independent technician” in the first sentence of the second paragraph means
According to Bleakly，before buying a used car aU the inspection work can
Electric Backpack
Backpacks are convenient．They can hold your books，your lunch，and a change of clothes，leaving your hands free to do other things．Someday，if you don’t mind carrying a heavy load，your backpacks might also power your MP3 player，keep your cell phone running，and maybe even light your way home． Lawrence C．Rome and his colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole3，Mass. ，have invented a backpack that makes electricity from energy produced while its wearer walks．In military actions，search-and-rescue operations，and scientific field studies，people rely increasingly on cell phones，global positioning system（GPS） receivers，night-vision goggles，and other battery-powered devices to get around and do their work．The backpack’s electricity-generating feature could dramatically reduce the amount of a wearer’s load now devoted to spare batteries，report Rome and his colleagues in the Sept．9 Science．
The backpack ’s electricity-creating powers depend on springs used to hang a cloth pack from its metal flame．The frame. sits against the wearer’s back，and the whole pack moves up and down as the person walks． A gear mechanism converts vertical movements of the pack to rotary motions of an electrical generator，producing up to 7.4 watts．
Unexpectedly．tests showed that wearers of the new backpack alter their gaits in response to the pack ’s oscillations．so that they carry loads more comfortably and with less effort than they do ordinary backpacks．Because of that surprising advantage，Rome plans to commercialize both electric and non—electric versions of the backpack．
The backpack could be especially useful for soldiers，scientists，mountaineers，and emergency workers who typically carry heavy backpacks．For the rest of us．power—generating backpacks could make it possible to walk，play video games，watch TV，and listen to music，a11 at the same time．Electricity-generating packs aren’t on the market yet，but if you do get one eventually，just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!
第 1 题 Backpacks are convenient because
A．speak B．have C．1ink D．put
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