题目内容
When you hear somebody say, "I could have done better if I'd had more time," you can draw
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Overcoming procrastination: A Practical Approach
Do you find that you often begin correspondence with a phrase like, "I'm sorry it's taken me long to get back to you," or, "My apologies for the delay in responding"？ This may be an indication that you' re in the habit of purring things off. Similarly, a desk of files filled with projects which you have yet to begin or which are partially completed but inactive, is another sure sign that there's problem, ff you are one of those people who insists on cleaning up all the little projects awaiting you, in order to remove those "bothersome little things" before you begin a major project, you are actually engaging in procrastination by allowing yourself to fall victim to the "tyranny of the trivial".
Reasons for procrastination
Like many issues involving time management, procrastination is a behavioral problem, and like all such problems it can, with sufficient motivation, be changed. In order to change a behavioral parrem, however, it is necessary to understand the reasons for that behavior.
Don't know where to start
If you think about it, the tasks which you tend to postpone will generally fall into two categories. The firstof these is the fairly large or complex task. Such tasks are generally important in their outcome, which only adds to the pressure to do a good job, and yet their very complesity makes it diffcult to know just where or how to begin. The result is that the task is put off until it simply has to be dealt with.
An unplesant task
The second category of task commonly postponed is that which is either unpleasant to do or may have unpleasant consequences. This may be some aspect of your work that you simply don't enjoy, or it may be something like a negative job appraisal for an employee, for which you know there will be repercussions. Again, the task is put off until other pressures make it necesary for it to be tackled.
Fear of failure
On a hit more "psychological" note, there are those who put off tasks because they have a subconscious fear that they will not be able to perform. them satisfactorily. Related to this arc those who hold themselves to the standard of perfection for all work they do. If you suspect that their work will be less than perfect they may be inclined to put it off.
Excusing sub-standard performance
At the opposite end of the spectrum are those who use procrastination (generally not on a conscious level) as a means of excusing work which they know is of poor quality. "I could have done better if I'd had more time," is the general refrain of such people, though on closer examination it may be found that they didn't have time because they chose to procrastinate. Keep in mind, of course, that there are some projects which do come up as emergencies and for which you really don't have sufficient time, so don't assume that this refrain is always a sign of a procrastination problem.
Overcoming Procrastination
It is important that you take the time to recognize which reasons apply most to you or to your staff members. By doing so you will be able to select from the solutions that follow, the one or more that will best help you to overcome procrastination.
Use the SWAP approach. If you analyze an overwhelming task that is currently facing you, you will probably find that it can be broken down into a number of smaller, more manageable pieces. A logical order will emerge for compliting each part, or you may have to impose such an order on the component parts. You can then SWAP—Start With A Part. And if you've listed the various parts in writing—which is recommended—you can have the pleasure of crossing them off step by step, and seeing a visual representa
听力原文：W: Hey, Jake, rise and shine.
M: What time is it, Sheila？ I have no idea how long I've been here.
W: Hmm ... the library is toe quiet. You need a place that's nice and noisy to study.
M: You've got a point. I always mean to study hard but I quickly nod off. It's just too quiet here.
W: Maybe you were thinking of Carlson's psychology lesson. That's as good as a sleeping pill.
M: Yeah, nice guy, but he just can't seem to come down to earth. The whole time he seemed to be talking to himself.
W: You should have been in my history class with Professor Rivers. What a trip! One student got up and challenged him to name 6 women who contributed to the American Revolution. He was speechless.
M: The class must have been buzzing.
W: Especially when the student started rattling off over a dozen names. She was no fool and she wasn't going to let him off the hook.
M: Seems she gave Professor Rivers a good lecture.
W: Yeah, although I kind of felt she should have given him a chance to save his face. After all I doubt whether many people can name even one.
M: That's true. I sure can't.
W: Jake, Jake. You should attend Professor Anderson's class on women's studies. She'll tell you about people like Sarah Bradlee Fulton, a spy who was a key figure in the Boston Tea Party.
M: Hmm... Maybe Rivers should join me.
(23)
听力原文：M: Come on, Jully, how're we going to convince everybody that I'm the best candidate？
W: It won't be easy!
M: Thanks a lot!
W: Oh, just kidding. Actually, I think once we show everyone how well you did as junior class treasurer, you're sure to be elected president.
M: Well. What's your strategy？
W: One thing I was thinking of is to hang campaign posters in all the hallways.
M: But everybody puts up posters. We need to do something different.
W: Let me finish. The campus radio station is willing to let you have five minutes tomorrow morning at seven to outline your plans for the year. Lots of students will hear you then.
M: Great idea!
W: I've also arranged for you to give a speech during dinner tomorrow. Over a hundred students will be there. And you can answer questions after you finish speaking.
M: That means I'd better come up with a speech pretty quickly. How about if I write it tonight and show it to you after chemistry class tomorrow？
W: Fine, I'll see you after class.
M: You're realty good at this. I'm glad you agreed to help me out.
(20)
Human newborns have been known to have any significant deposits of brown fat, so called because of its abnormally high concentration of dark---colored mitochondria (线粒体), the engines that sustain cell activity. The primary purpose of brown fat is to regulate body temperature: the mitochondria-packed cells are designed to burn high quantities of sugar, and release that energy as heat a mechanism that newborns rely on to keep themselves toasty.
As people age, however, the body becomes better at regulating temperature, so brown-fat stores shrink and white fat starts to emerge. A research team in Sweden has found that healthy adults retain a sizable amount of fat in the front and back of the neck expressing the same proteins as brown fat.
Identifying the presence of brown fat is one thing, but activating it to burn more sugar is another. Two studies confirmed that brown-fat cells become more active in the cold. But before we consider joining the Polar Bear Club, can brown fat actually cause weight loss？ Brown fat may indeed allow a person to burn more calories (卡路里) with the same amount of consumption. On the basis of animal models, researchers calculate that 50g of brown fat could burn about 20% daily calorie an average person takes in. Leaner people tended to have more brown-fat deposits than overweight individuals. Interestingly, women were 'twice as likely as men to have active brown fat.
Still, the findings don't necessarily mean that activating brown fat leads to a slimmer waist. For one thing, the body is especially good at maintaining balance, which is why a boost in calorie-burning can often make it hunger signal and prompt people to eat more to make up for the loss. And even if drug companies could find a way to activate (刺激) brown fat safely, that excess activity could throw off other metabolic (新陈代谢的) systems and damage your health.
Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Para. 1？
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