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【C14】
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听力原文： What is marketing？ Some people hold the mistaken idea that marketing is a little more than selling. But marketing is more than just a business activity. In fact, it's something everyone does quite often. Acting as either the customer or the marketer. Consider a few of the activities we take for granted, like riding a bus, shopping for clothes, reading a newspaper or watching television. All of these rely on marketing. It's hard to imagine our contemporary life without marketing. You are on the customer side of marketing when you shop at the supermarket, pay your tuition or go to a movie. You are on the marketer side of the transaction when you advertise for a roommate, convince your friend to lend you their bicycle or interview for a job. In the last two examples, you are marketing yourself and your credibility. Job applicants use resume as marketing tools to gain interviews with potential employers. And then use the interview to demonstrate what desirable products they are. Similarly models and actors use photographs to market themselves. Artists and writers supply samples of their work. Even in the commercial round, companies aren't the only marketers and goods aren't the only item marketed. Football teams market themselves when they give team photos and other premiums to their fans. And non-profit group market what they do, the medical research or political action, when they solicit contributions of time and money or try to influence people's behaviors.
In 1985, the American Marketing Association redesigned marketing as the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy the individual and organizational objective. This definition encompasses all the diverse activities of marketing and highlights the central marketing functions — the exchange process.
(43)
A．Pay his telephone bills.B．Work out his daily agenda.C．Consult a health-care worker.D
听力原文： W: I'm not surprised that factory workers want shorter hours. How would you like to be panels or turn screws hours after hours everyday.
M: I wouldn't. I'd get bored. And I think only of my weekly wage packet.
W: So naturally, our workers are always on strike. They are bored and they want more money to spend in spare time.
M: No. What worries me is that there is far too many unnecessary disagreements between workers, trade unions and managements. We haven't yet learned to work together-as a team.
W: Is that why so many of our industries are dying？
M: What do you mean so many of our industries and what do you mean by dying？
W: That's the word you used the other day about coal mining and cotton textile industry.
M: Why do people get so upset about these industries？ I suppose it's because it used to be our pride and strength. Well, there aren't any more as far as I'm concerned, the sooner people realize it, the better. Then all the money, labor and technical skills wasted on them could be put into the spending of other industries like electronics, motor cars, IT industry, and even some industry like tourism.
W: What about industries in other European countries？ Haven't they got the same sort of problems.
M: Yes, hut they had more practice at fighting for markets. That's why I'm in favor of Britain being a member of Euro Zone. Industry inside of the Euro Zone are forced to take notice of their competitors.
W: Don't you feel hopeless about the future？
M: Of course, I don't. We are very invented and innovated people and we have plenty of skilled and professional workers. Besides, we still have reputation for honesty and fair dealing in business.
W: How nice to hear you boast, Charlie. The English think it's in bad taste to boast, don't they？ When foreigners ask you how are things, and you answer "not bad". How they are to know "not bad" often means first class, thank you.
(47)
A．Go sightseeing at Piccadilly.B．Have a cup of English tea.C．Enjoy a funny French show
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