题目内容
Prices on the New York stock exchange have suffered one of their biggest falls ever. In a sudden and unexpected development, the Dow-Jones Index fell by just over 140 points, or about 7%. It was the 3rd largest fall in the history of Wall Street. Most of it came in the last hour of trading. Before then, the stock exchange had been showing only minor losses. A BBC correspondent in New York says that the strong selling of American government bonds early in the day is believed to have been one reason for the fall. But he says there were other reasons. These included a belief that next week’s American trade figures would be bad and fears that interest rates would not decreased. The market was also affected by worries that the federal budget deficit would be higher than expected. Coinciding with a fall in prices on Wall Street, a presidential commission has sent a report to the White House on the stock market’s biggest ever crash on October 19 last year when the Dow-Jones Index fell by 508 points. The commission has made numerous proposals to regulate stock exchange trading. These include limits on the dally price movements of shares. The commission also wants a new high-level body to oversee the American financial markets and close them ff necessary when trading is in danger of going out of control. In a sudden and unexpected development, the Dow-Jones Index fell by ____________________________6Among other deeper masons for the fall is a belief that next week’s American trade figures _____7On October 19th last year, prices on the New York stock exchange suffered their ________________8The commission has made numberous proposals to regulate_________________________________________9The commission also wants a new high-level body to control America______________________________10 7().
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玛丽是美国公民，在美国的ABC公司工作。2006年，ABC公司将玛丽调派到其在北京的合资企业甲公司担任技术总监，负责某项目的实施。玛丽6月5日抵达北京，6月8日正式上任。玛丽将在北京持续工作3年，期间，可以回国探亲一次，时间不超过10天。玛丽调到北京以后，美国公司将负担其每月的工资4 000美金，北京的合资公司额外负担其在北京的生活补助每月30000元人民币。2006年12月，玛丽在北京工作22天，圣诞期间回国探亲9天。当月，还收到甲公司支付的120000元人民币的年终奖金。 要求：计算玛丽2006年12月应该在中国缴纳的个人所得税。 注：假设美元兑人民币的汇率均为1美元：8元人民币
It is incongruous that the number of British institutions offering MBA courses should have grown by 254 percent during a period when the economy has been sliding into deeper recession. Optimists, or those given to speed, assumptions, might think it marvelous to have such a resource of business school graduates ready for the recovery. Unfortunately, there is now much doubt about the value of the degree not least among MBA graduates themselves, suffering as they are from the effects of recession and facing the prospect of shrinking management structures. What was taken some years ago as a ticket of certain admission to success is now being exposed to the scrutiny of cost-conscious employers who seek "can-dos" rather than "might-dos", and who feel that academia has not been sufficiently appreciative of the needs of industry or of the employers’ possible contribution. It is curious, given the name of the degree, that there should be no league table for UK business schools: no unanimity about what the degree should encompass; and no agreed system of accreditation. Surely there is something wrong. One wonders where all the tutors for this massive infusion of business expertise came from and why all this mushrooming took place. Perhaps companies that made large investments would have been wiser to invest in already existing managers, perched anxiously on their own internal ladders. The Institute of Management’s 1992 survey, which revealed that eighty-one per cent of managers thought they personally would be more effective if they received more training, suggests that this might be the case. There is, too, the fact that training alone does not make successful managers. They need the inherent qualifications. Of character; a degree of self-subjugation; and, above all, the ability to communicate and lead; more so now, when empowerment is a buzzword that is at least generating genuflexions, if not total conviction. One can easily think of people, some comparatively unlettered, who are now lauded captains of industry. We may, therefore, not need to be too concerned about the fall in applications for business school places, or even the doubt about MBAs. The proliferation and subsequent questioning may have been an inevitable evolution. If the Management Charter Initiative, now exploring the introduction of a senior management qualification, is successful, there will be a powerful corrective. We believe now that management is all about change. One hopes there will be some of that in relationship between management and science within industry, currently causing concern and which is overdue for attention. No one doubts that we need more scientists and innovation to give us an edge in an increasingly competitive world. If scientists feel themselves under-valued and under-used, working in industrial ghettos, that is not a promising augury for the future. It seems we have to resolve these misapprehensions between science and industry. Above all, we have to make sure that management is not itself smug about its status and that it does not issue mission statements about communication without realizing that the essence of it is a dialogue. More empowerment is required and we should strive to achieve it. Which of the information is true according to the passage
PC机使用的键盘是一种非编码键盘，键盘本身仅仅识别按键的位置，向PC机提供的是该按键的 【18】 码，然后由系统软件把它们转换成规定的编码，如ASCII码。
One of the many theories about alcoholism is the learning and reinforcement theory, which explains alcoholism by considering alcohol ingestion as a reflex response to some stimulus and as a way to reduce an inner drive state such as fear or anxiety. Characterizing life situations in terms of approach and avoidance, this theory holds that persons tend to be drawn to pleasant situations or repelled by unpleasant ones. In the latter case, alcohol ingestion is said to reduce the tension or feelings of unpleasantness and to replace them with the feeling of euphoria generally observed in most persons after they have consumed one or more drinks. Some experimental evidence tends to show that alcohol reduces fear in an approach-avoidance situation. Conger trained one group of rats to approach a food goal and, using aversive conditioning, trained another group to avoid electric shock. After an injection of alcohol the pull away from the shock was measurably weaker, while the pull toward the food was unchanged. The obvious troubles experienced by alcoholic persons appear to contradict the learning theory in the explanation of alcoholism. The discomfort, pain, and punishment they experience should presumably serve as a deterrent to drinking. The fact that alcoholic persons continue to drink in the face of family discord, loss of employment, illness, and other sequels of repeated bouts is explained by the proximity of the drive reduction to the consumption of alcohol; that is, alcohol has the immediate effect of reducing tension while the unpleasant consequences of drunken behavior come only later. The learning paradigm, therefore, favors the establishment and repetition of the resort to alcohol. In fact, the anxieties and feelings of guilt induced by the consequences of excessive alcohol ingestion may themselves become the signal for another bout of alcohol abuse. The way in which the clue for another bout could be the anxiety itself is explained by the process of stimulus generalization, conditions Or events occurring at the time of reinforcement tend to acquire the characteristics of stimuli. When alcohol is consumed in association with a state of anxiety or fear, the emotional state itself takes on the properties of a stimulus, thus triggering another drinking bout. The role of punishment is becoming increasingly important in formulating a cause of alcoholism based on the principles of learning theory. While punishment may serve to suppress a response, experiments have shown that in some cases it can serve as a reward and reinforce the behavior. Thus if the alcoholic person has learned to drink under conditions of both reward and punishment, either type of condition may precipitate renewed drinking. Ample experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that excessive alcohol consumption can be learned. By gradually increasing the concentration of alcohol in drinking water, psychologists have been able to induce the ingestion of larger amounts of alcohol by an animal than would be normally consumed. Other researchers have been able to achieve similar results by varying the schedule of reinforcement; that is, by requiring the animal to consume larger and larger amounts of the alcohol solutions before rewarding it. In this manner, animals learn to drink enough to become dependent on alcohol in terms of demonstrating withdrawal symptoms. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage
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