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用边长50cm的带网铁夹采集某湖泊植物样品，样方平均高等植物鲜重生物量75g(无滴水时的鲜重)，则湖泊中高等植物群落平均鲜重生物量为______。
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下列选项中，属于针刺单式补泻手法的是
常用的双手进针法有
能起到针罐配合作用的拔罐法为
Why does storytelling endure across time and cultures Perhaps the answer lies in our evolutionary roots. A study of the way that people respond to Victorian literature hints that novels act as a social glue, reinforcing the types of behaviour that benefit society.Literature "could continually condition society so that we fight against base impulses and work in a cooperative way", says Jonathan Gottschall of Washington and Jefferson College, Pennsylvania. He and co-author Joseph Carroll at the University of Missouri, St. Louis, study how Darwin"s theories of evolution apply to literature. Along with John Johnson, an evolutionary psychologist at Pennsylvania State University in DuBois, the researchers asked 500 people to fill in a questionnaire about 200 classic Victorian novels. The respondents were asked to define characters as protagonists or antagonists and then to describe their personality and motives, such as whether they were conscientious or power hungry.The team found that the characters fell into groups that mirrored the egalitarian dynamics of a society in which individual dominance is suppressed for the greater good (Evolutionary Psychology. vol 4, p 716). Protagonists, such as Elizabeth Bennett in Jane Austen"s Pride and Prejudice, for example, scored highly on conscientiousness and nurturing, while antagonists like Bram Stoker"s Count Dracula scored highly on status-seeking and social dominance. In the novels, dominant behaviour is "powerfully stigmatized", says Gottschall "Bad guys and girls are just dominance machines; they are obsessed with getting ahead, they rarely have pro-social behaviours."While few in today"s world live in hunter-gatherer societies, "the political dynamic at work in these novels, the basic opposition between communitarianism and dominance behaviour, is a universal theme", says Carroll. Christopher Boehm, a cultural anthropologist whose work Carroll acknowledges was an important influence on the study, agrees. "Modem democracies, with their formal checks and balances, are carrying forward an egalitarian ideal".A few characters were judged to be both good and bad, such as Heathcliff in Emily Bronte"s Wuthering Heights or Austen"s Mr.Darcy. "They reveal the pressure being exercised on maintaining the total social order," says Carroll.Boehm and Carroll believe novels have the same effect as the cautionary tales told in older societies. "Novels have a function that continues to contribute to the quality and structure of group life," says Boehm. "Maybe storytelling--from TV to folk tales- actually serves some specific evolutionary adaptation," says Gottschall. They"re not just products of evolutionary adaptation. In the political dynamic of literature, to what is dominant behavior set opposed
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