题目内容
You will hear five different business people talking about cultural differences in doing business in different countries. For each extract there are two tasks. For Task One, choose the dos described from the list A—H. For Task Two, choose the don’’ts described from the list A—H. You will hear the recording twice. TASK ONEA. Be aware of some taboos.B. Respect a sense of order with Germans.C. Open gifts in front of your counterpart.D. Be punctual with Germans.E. Keep both of your wrists above the table for the whole meal in Europe.F. Refer to Japanese as "Orientals".G. Keep more distance when talking with Asians.H. Add your university degrees to your business card.
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TEXT C Marriage may be about love, but divorce is a business. For global couples--born in different countries, married in a third, now working somewhere else and with children, pensions and other assets sprinkled over the world--a contested divorce is bliss for lawyers and a nightmare for others. Divorce laws vary wildly, from countries (such as Malta) that still forbid it to Islamic states where for the husband, at least--it may be obtained in minutes. Rules on the division of property and future financial obligations vary hugely too. France expects the poorer party, usually the wife, to start fending for herself almost immediately; England and some American states insist on lifelong support. Some systems look only at the "acquest"; others count the lot. A few, like Austria, still link cash to blame. Japan offers a temptingly quick cheap break, but--for foreigners--little or no enforceable contact with the kids thereafter, notes Jeremy Morley, a New York-based "international divorce strategist". Other places may be mum-friendly when it comes to money but dad-friendly on child custody. The European Union is trying to tidy up its divorce laws. A reform in 2001 called Brussels II tried to stop forum shopping, in which each party sought the most favourable jurisdiction, by ruling that the first court to be approached decides the divorce. That worked--but at the cost of encouraging trigger-happy spouses to kill troubled marriages quickly, rather than trying to patch them up. This, says David Hodson, a specialist in international divorce law, favours the "wealthier, more aggressive, more unscrupulous party". It goes against the general trend towards counselling, mediation and out-of-court settlement. An EU measure called Rome Ⅲ, now under negotiation and pencilled in to come into force in 2008, tries to ensure that the marriage is ended by the law that has governed it most closely. It may be easy for a Dutch court to apply Belgian law when dealing with the uncontested divorce of a Belgian couple, but less so for a Spanish court to apply Polish rules, let alone Iranian or Indonesian, and especially not when the divorce is contested. Such snags make Rome Ⅲ "laughably idiotic--a recipe for increasing costs", according to John Cornwell, a London lawyer. Britain and Ireland say they will opt out. That, says Mr. Hodson, will give a further edge to London. Since a judgment in 2000 entrenched the principle of "equality" in division of marital, assets, England, home to hundreds of thousands of expatriates, has become a "Mecca for wives", says Louise Spitz of Manches, a London law firm. David Truex, who runs a specialist international divorce outfit, reckons that at least a fifth of divorce cases registered in London’s higher courts now have an international element. For the typical global couple, such high-profile, big-money cases matter less than the three basic (and deeply unromantic factors) in marriage planning. According to Mr. Truex, a rich man should choose his bride from a country with a stingy divorce law, such as Sweden or France, and marry her there. Second, he should draw up a pre-nuptial agreement. These are binding in many countries and have begun to count even in England. Third, once divorce looms, a wife may want to move to England or America (but should avoid no-alimony states such as Florida) I for husbands, staying in continental Europe is wise. Outside Europe, the country--or American State--deemed the most "appropriate" in terms of the couple’s family and business connections will normally get to hear the case. But here too unilateral action may be decisive. When Earl Spencer, brother of Princess Diana, divorced his first wife he surprised her by issuing proceedings in South Africa where they were then living. In England, where they had been domiciled, she might have got a better deal. She ended up suing her lawyers. The lesson for couples How you live may determine the length and happiness of your marriage. Where you live is likely to determine how it ends. The word "acquest" in Paragraph 2 probably means
Melissa and LoveLetter made use of the trust that exists between friends or colleagues. Imagine receiving an (6) from a friend who asks you to open it. This is what happens with Melissa and several other similar email (7) . Upon running, such worms usually proceed to send themselves out to email addresses from the victim’s address book, previous emails, web pages (8) . As administrators seek to block dangerous email attachments through the recognition of well-known (9) , virus writers use other extensions to circumvent such protection. Executable (.exe) files are renamed to .bat and .cmd plus a whole list of other extensions and will still run and successfully infect target users. Frequently, hackers try to penetrate networks by sending an attachment that looks like a flash movie, which, while displaying some cute animation, simultaneously runs commands in the background to steal your passwords and give the (10) access to your network.
Networks can be interconnected by different devices. In the physical layer, networks can be connected by (11) or hubs, which just move the bits from one network to an identical network. One layer up we find bridges and switches, which operate at data link layer. They can accept (12) ,examine the MAC address, and forward the frames to a different network while doing minor protocol translation in the process. In the network layer, we have routers that can connect two networks. If two networks have (13) network layer, the router may be able to translate between the packer formats. In the transport layer we find transport gateway, which can interface between two transport connections. Finally, in the application layer, application gateways translate message (14) . As an example, gateways between Internet e-mail and X.400 e-mail must (15) the e-mail message and change various header fields.
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