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Wrongly convinced man and his accuser tell their storiesNEW YORK,NY, January 5,2010. St.Martin’s Press has announced the release of the paperback edition of Picking Cotton, a remarkable true story of what novelist John Grisham calls an ―account of violence, rage, redemption(救赎)，and, ultimately forgiveness.‖ The story began in 1987, in Burlington, North Carolina, with the rape of a young while college student named Jennifer Thompson. During her ordeal(折磨), Thompson swore(发誓) to herself that she would never forget the face of her rapist(强奸犯), a man who climbed through the window of her apartment and assaulted(攻击) her brutally. During the attack, she made an effort to memorize every detail of his face, looking for scars, tattoos( 纹身)，or other identifying marks. (46 ) When the police asked her if she could identify the assailant (袭 击者) from a book of mug shots(嫌疑犯照片), she picked one that she was sure was correct, and later she identified the same man in a lineup(行列). Based on her convincing eye witness testimony, a 22-year-old black man named Ronald Cotton was sentenced to prison for two life terms. Cotton’s lawyer appealed the decision(提出上诉), and by the time of the appeals hearing(上诉听证会), evidence had come to light suggesting that the real rapist might have been a man who looked very like Cotton, an imprisoned criminal named Bobby Poole. Another trial was held. (47 ) Jennifer Thompson looked at both men face to face, and once again said that Ronald Cotton was the one who raped her. Eleven years later, DNA evidence completely exonerated(证明??清白)Cotton and just as unequivocally(明确地) convicted Poole, who confessed to the crime. Thompson was shocked and devastated(使震惊) (48 ) ―The man I was so sure I had never seen in my life was the man who was inches from my throat, who raped me, who hurt me, who took my spirit away, who robbed me of my soul,‖ she wrote. ―And the man I had identified so surely on so many occasions was absolutely innocent.‖ Jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologize to him personally. (49 ) Remarkably both were able to put this tragedy behind them, overcome the racial barrier that divided them, and write a book, which they have subtitled ―Our memoir(回忆录) of injustice and redemption(拯救).‖ Nevertheless, Thompson says, she still lives ―with constant pain that my profound mistake cost him so dearly. I cannot begin to imagine what would have happened had my mistaken identification occurred in a capital (可判死刑的)case. (50 ) 49（）
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How we form first impression We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her – aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits. The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in a how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information – the sights and sounds of your world. Theses incoming ―signals‖are compared against a host of ―memories‖ stored in the brain areas called the cortex (大脑皮层)system to determine what these new signals ―mean‖. If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says ―familiar and safe‖. ―If you see someone new, it says, ―new—potentially threatening‖. Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other ―known‖ memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, ―This is new. I don’t like this person.‖ Or else, ―I am intrigued.‖ Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures –like your other friends; so your brain says: ―I like this person.‖ But theses preliminary ―impressions‖ can be dead wrong. When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people – their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character – we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks. However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking— and themost complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane. Our thinking is not mature enough when we stereotype people because（）
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"Wanna buy a body?" That was the opening line of more than a few phone calls I got from self-employed photographers when I was a photo editor at U.S. News. Like many in the mainstream press, I wanted to separate the world of photographers into "them", who trade in pictures of bodies or run after famous people like Princess Diana, and "us", the serious news people. But after 16 years in that role, I came to wonder whether the two worlds were easily distinguishable. Working in the reputable world of journalism, I told photographers to cover other people's difficult life situations. I justified marching into moments of sadness, under the appearance of the reader's right to know. I worked with professionals talking their way into situations or shooting from behind police lines. And I wasn't alone. In any American town, after a car crash or some other horrible incident when ordinary people are hurt or killed, you rarely see photographers pushing past rescue workers to take photos of the blood and injuries. But you are likely to see local newspaper and television photographers on the scene –and fast… How can we justify doing this? Journalists are taught to separate, doing the job from worrying about the consequences of publishing what they record. Repeatedly, they are reminded of a news-business saying: Leave your conscience in the office, A victim may lie bleeding, unconscious, or dead. Your job is to record the image (图象). You're a photographer, not an emergency medical worker. You put away your feelings and document the scene. But catastrophic events often bring out the worst in photographers and photo editors. In the first minutes and hours after a disaster occurs, photo agencies buy pictures. They rush to obtain the rights to be the only one to own these shocking images and death is usually the subject.Often, an agency buys a picture from a local newspaper or an amateur photographer and puts it up for bid by major magazines. The most sought-after special pictures command tens of thousands of dollars through bidding contests. I worked on all those stories and many like them. When they happen, you move quickly: buying, dealing, trying to beat the agencies to the pictures. Now, many people believe journalists are the hypocrites(伪君子)who need to be brought down, and it's our pictures that most anger others. Readers may not believe, as we do, that there is a distinction between clear-minded "us" and mean-spirited "them". In too many cases, by our choices of images as well as how we get them, we prove our readers right. The writer was a photographer sixteen years ago.（）
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