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Quitting smoking is more of a matter of willpower than of individual choice, for smoking is widely recognized as addictive. Although counseling and medication can increase the odds that a smoker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never to take up smoking to begin with. The irreversible effects of cigarette smoking vary in intensity and are related both to the amount and duration of exposure and the age at which the person is initially exposed. This report challenges the notion that a few years of exposure to smoking will have no lasting harmful consequences.
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Passage Two While the college campus may be the perfect forum in which to exhibit your taste for the latest in fashion style, the interview is not the place to do so. With very few unusual exceptions, sandals and sweatshirts are out. Oxfords and business suits are still in. Even though many companies have relaxed the internal company dress code, interviews still follow the conservative standard. Don’t buck the trend. Unfortunately, most college grads are underprepared with proper interview dress. They feel they can " get by" with what is already in their wardrobe. Usually not. Remember that stylish is not conservative. You should be doing the talking, not your clothes. This is not to say that you need to go out and buy a whole new wardrobe. Go for quality over quantity. One or two well-chosen business suits will serve you all the way to the first day on the job and beyond. Then, when you are making some money, you can begin to round out your wardrobe. For now, no one will fault you for wearing the same sharp outfit each time you interview. If you are still not sure how to dress for the interview, call them and ask! But this is one time when you do not want to call the Hiring Manager—instead, ask to be put through to Human Resources. Sure, you run the risk of someone in HR thinking you are a social idiot, but that’s a lot better than having the Hiring Manager distracted by inappropriate interview dress. While many work environments have shifted to business casual as the work standard, business suits are still the interview standard. When in doubt, it is almost always better to err on the side of conservatism. One final note on interview dress: while it goes without saying that your interview elothes should be neat and clean, very few interviewees give the same time and attention to their shoes. Shoes Yes, shoes. I am aware of at least one Corporate Recruiter who forms first impressions based solely on shoes. He subjectively judges that those who pay attention to details like their shoes are also likely to be diligent in their work life. And it is not just that person’s opinion. So it is not enough to be elean, pressed, and ironed. Make sure your shoes are conservative, clean, and polished. In paragraph 1, "Don’t buck the trend. " probably means "______".
Passage Two While the college campus may be the perfect forum in which to exhibit your taste for the latest in fashion style, the interview is not the place to do so. With very few unusual exceptions, sandals and sweatshirts are out. Oxfords and business suits are still in. Even though many companies have relaxed the internal company dress code, interviews still follow the conservative standard. Don’t buck the trend. Unfortunately, most college grads are underprepared with proper interview dress. They feel they can " get by" with what is already in their wardrobe. Usually not. Remember that stylish is not conservative. You should be doing the talking, not your clothes. This is not to say that you need to go out and buy a whole new wardrobe. Go for quality over quantity. One or two well-chosen business suits will serve you all the way to the first day on the job and beyond. Then, when you are making some money, you can begin to round out your wardrobe. For now, no one will fault you for wearing the same sharp outfit each time you interview. If you are still not sure how to dress for the interview, call them and ask! But this is one time when you do not want to call the Hiring Manager—instead, ask to be put through to Human Resources. Sure, you run the risk of someone in HR thinking you are a social idiot, but that’s a lot better than having the Hiring Manager distracted by inappropriate interview dress. While many work environments have shifted to business casual as the work standard, business suits are still the interview standard. When in doubt, it is almost always better to err on the side of conservatism. One final note on interview dress: while it goes without saying that your interview elothes should be neat and clean, very few interviewees give the same time and attention to their shoes. Shoes Yes, shoes. I am aware of at least one Corporate Recruiter who forms first impressions based solely on shoes. He subjectively judges that those who pay attention to details like their shoes are also likely to be diligent in their work life. And it is not just that person’s opinion. So it is not enough to be elean, pressed, and ironed. Make sure your shoes are conservative, clean, and polished. For more information on interview dress, it’s better for you to call ______.
Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by six questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Passage One It’s not just your imagination. In cities from coast to coast, the use of Spanish is booming, and is proliferating in ways no other language has before in the U.S. history--other than English of course. It’s this sort of environment that is a cause for concern for many. Mauro Mujica heads a group called "U. S. English," which lobbies for official English laws across the country. He’s concerned that with so many Spanish speakers entering the country, the U.S. will become a nation split by language, much like Canada. "Now we’re beginning to divide ourselves, to split along linguistic lines. We’re beginning to see pockets of people who speak other languages and no English whatsoever. " His fear is hardly universal. Gregory Rodriguez is a fellow with the New America Foundation, a non-partisan think-tank based in Washington, D.C. He calls Mujica’s arguments "ridiculous. " "This process of immigrant enclaves (少数民族聚集地) and linguistic enclaves is an age-old American process. We’ve all heard the quotes from Benjamin Franklin about his concerns that German- Americans would never assimilate. These concerns are as old as the American republic. " Rodriguez argues that the current boom in the use of Spanish is due ahnost entirely to new immigrants, and that their children will, at least for the most part, learn English. He points to 1990 census data, which indicates that by the third generation, two-thirds of all Hispanic children speak English exclusively. Whether that number is going up or down will be difficult to determine since the Census Bureau didn’t track that information in its most recent census. But there may be at least one piece of anecdotal evidence. Spanish-language movie theaters once flourished in the Los Angeles area. There were dozens of these theaters just fifteen years ago. Today there are only seven. "There is a myth that somehow immigrants come to the most powerful nation in the world simply to resist its cultural embrace," says Rodriguez. "But it is a myth. " Immigrant enclaves are, of course, common throughout American History. German and Polish enclaves were common throughout the Midwest. The Italians flourished in New York. But those languages largely faded from use in the U.S. Few are predicting that will happen with Spanish. It’s here to stay, although we won’t know its ultimate impact for generations. Spanish movie theaters are mentioned to show that ______.
经过改革开放30年来的建设与发展，我国科技基础设施逐步加强，科研机构队伍日益壮大，科技资源积累不断增加，但同时也面临许多问题。请概述“给定资料”反映的我国在建立创新型国家方面存在的主要问题。 要求：紧扣给定资料，全面，有条理，不必写成文章，不超过300字。
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