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Passage 30 Elephants are the biggest animals that live on land (some whales are bigger than elephants but whales live in the sea), when born a baby elephant weighs 91 kilograms. That is the weight of a grown man. It is about 91 centimeters high. When it reaches the age of six years, it is about 183 centimeters high. (30) When it reaches the age of twelve years, it does not grow any more. It may then be 320 centimeters high. African elephants are bigger than Indian elephants. African elephants have much bigger ears. Elephants have very long noses which we call "trunks". No other animals have trunks as long as elephants. An elephant can use its trunk to smell things and it can also pick up things with the tip of its trunk. The tip of its trunk can be used like a hand. An elephant uses its trunk to feed itself. It likes to eat leaves, young juicy branches of a tree and fruit. It picks these with its trunk and puts the food into its mouth. When it wants a drink, it puts the tip of its trunk into water. It fills its trunk with water and then blows the water into the mouth. The elephant washes itself in the same way. It fills its trunk with water and then blows the water over itself. Two of the elephant’s teeth are very long and strong. They are called "tusks". They use their tusks to dig up small trees and to dig in the ground for water. Elephants also use their tusks to lift heavy logs of wood. In some countries men catch wild elephants and teach them to work. After a while they are no longer wild. They become tame. They become very obedient. They do what their masters tell them to do. All day long they work patiently in the hot sun. They pull trees along and lift heavy logs. No animal is stronger than an elephant. Elephants have very strong legs. Their legs are like trees. They usually walk slowly because they are so big, but they walk very quietly. People teach elephants to work because______.
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Passage 34 Americans and Arabs are different in their space habits. Arabs prefer close contact.Dr. Hall has explained that the Arabs belong to a touch culture and in conversation, they always envelop the other person. They hold his hand, look into his eyes, and bathe him in their breath. Dr. Hall’s interest in man’s use of space developed in the early nineteen fifties when he was Director of the Point Four training program at the Foreign Service Institute. In talking with Americans who had lived overseas, he found that many of them had been highly uncomfortable because of cultural differences. Such discomfort is usually referred to as culture shock. The problem is that, relatively speaking, Americans live in a non-contact culture. Partly, this is a product of our puritan heritage (清教徒文化遗产). Dr. Hall points out that we spend years teaching our children not to crowd in and lean on us. (34) And in situations where we ourselves are forced to stand close to another person on crowded subways, for example, we turn our eyes away, and if actual body contact is involved, tense the muscles on the contact side. Most of us feel very strongly that this is the only proper way to behave. From the information in paragraph 3, it is obvious that______.
Passage 43 Sometimes it is impossible to send all the mail that arrives at the post office. Perhaps there is an inadequate or illegible address and there is no return address. The post office cannot just throw the mail away, so it becomes "dead mail". Dead mail is then sent to one of the U.S. Postal Service’s dead mail offices in Atlanta, New York, Philadelphia, St. Paul, and San Francisco. Seventy-five million pieces of mail can end up in these offices in one year. The staff ’of the dead mail offices has different ways to deal with all of these pieces of dead mail. First of all, they look for clues that can help them deliver the mail; they open packages in the hope that something inside will show where the package came from or is going to. (43) Dead mail will also be listed on a computer so that people can call in and cheek to see if a missing item is there. However, all of the mail cannot simply be stored forever: there is just too much of it. When a lot of dead mail has piled up, the dead mail offices hold public auctions. Every three months, the public is invited to the offices and containing items found in dead mail packages are sold to the highest bidder (出价人). The underlined word "clue" may probably mean______.
Passage 26 Though some people have suggested that women should return to housework in order to leave more jobs for men, the idea has been rejected by both women and men in public opinion polls (民意测验). Lately some union officials have suggested that too many women are employed in type of work more suitable fore men and that women should step aside to make way for unemployed young men. (26) They argue that women, especially women in their childbearing years actually delay economic development and result in lower productivity, poor quality and inefficiency. To solve the problem, they have suggested that the working women stay at home while their husbands or brothers were given double wages. They argue that under these circumstances, families would retain their same level of income, and women could run the house and raise children much better. The suggestion has been rejected by 9 out of 10 people polled. A hundred persons in a big city were questioned last summer. Out of 50 women, 46 said they were unwilling to leave their jobs, no matter what the situation was. The other 4 said they would like to return home if their jobs could be taken by their sons or daughters. Of 50 men polled, only 6 said they would like to see their wives give up their jobs, if it meant higher wages for themselves. Some other people have suggested another way called "phased employment theory". The theory suggests that a woman worker take leave from her job when she is seven months pregnant (妊娠) and stay off the job until her baby reaches the age of 3. It suggests that women on leave receive 75 percent of their normal salary and be allowed to return to work after the 3-year period. This will benefit children, women, their families and the society. Some of those polled, both women and men, felt the idea is a good one. It definitely seems to be more acceptable than the suggestion that women return to home forever. From the passage we can see "phased employment" means______.
Passage 47 We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. "Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen " "When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend Or did he envy my luck" When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it’s too late. Why do we go wrong about our friends, or our enemies Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don’t really listen we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, "You’re a lucky dog." That’s friendly. But "lucky dog" There is a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn’t see it himself. But mentioning the "dog" puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn’t think you ought to have your luck. "Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for" is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn’t important. It’s telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven’t got a date for Saturday night. How can you tell the real meaning behind someone’s words One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks Does what he says agree with the tone of voice His posture (姿态) The look in his eyes Stop and think. (47) If you spend one minute thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you, you may avoid another mistake. In the sentence "maybe he doesn’t see it himself", the pronoun "it" refers to______.
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