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股骨颈骨折应如何预防
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InThe Birth Order Book: Why You Are the Way You Are(2004), Dr. Kevin Leman notes that 21 of the first 23 Americans in space were first-born males or only children. More than half of United States presidents have been first-borns or first-born boys. It"s a pretty significant finding historically, because families used to be bigger than they are today.In addition to being high achievers, older children also generally have higher IQs (智商) than younger ones. Researchers have noted that the more kids a family has, the lower each child"s individual IQ tends to be. They give a few reasons for this.Parents only have so much time, attention, and money. The more kids they have, the more these things are divided. First-borns initially get the entire parental-time pie. What"s more, the ratio of grown-ups to kids decreases with each new baby. So the younger ones are surrounded by more children"s language on average than the older kids.Some researchers think parental attention is the key to personality birth-order differences. In his bookBorn to Rebel, psychologist Frank Sulloway says competition for Mom and Dad"s attention is the thing that really shapes our personalities and, in fact has shaped history. He argues that we adapt our personalities as part of our strategy to seek favor from Mom and Dad. Younger siblings (兄弟姐妹) tend to become rebels. Sulloway studied political activists and found that later-born activists were more radical than their first-born peers.The conclusion of his book is that sibling competition for parental attention can affect society as a whole in times of revolution. Thomas Jefferson, Karl Marx, and Fidel Castro were all younger siblings, for example.As compelling as this all is, it"s also something we should probably take with caution, there are other things that happen to us in life besides the addition of siblings to our families. A parent can die; a hurricane can leave us homeless; we can catch a life-threatening disease. Any one of these things will probably have more of an effect on our personalities than the presence of siblings.A 2002 study bore this out. After interviewing 535 undergraduates, researchers concluded that personality differences related to birth order were "folklore", although IQ and achievement differences were widely supported by research. Sulloway, author of Born to Rebel, suggests that younger siblings ______.
股骨颈骨折常用分型有哪些
The estimates of the numbers of home-schooled children vary widely. The U. S. Department of Education estimates there are 250,000 to 350,000 home-schooled children in the country. Home-school advocates put the number much higher—at about a million.Many public school advocates take a harsh attitude toward home schoolers, perceiving their actions as the ultimate slap in the face for public education and a damaging move for the children. Home schoolers harbor few kind words for public schools, charging shortcomings that range from lack of religious perspective in the curriculum to a herd like approach to teaching children.Yet, as public school officials realize they stand little to gain by remaining hostile to the home-school population, and as home schoolers realize they can reap benefits from public schools, these hard lines seem to be softening a bit. Public schools and home schoolers have moved closer to tolerance and, in some cases, even cooperation.Says John Marshall, an education official, "We are becoming relatively tolerant of home schoolers." The idea is, "Let"s give the kids access to public school so they"ll see it"s not so terrible as they"ve been told, and they"ll want to come back."Perhaps, but don"t count on it, say home-school advocates. Home schoolers oppose the system because they have strong convictions that their approach to education—whether fueled by religious enthusiasm or the individual child"s interests and natural pace—is best."The bulk of home schoolers just want to be left alone," says Enge Cannon, associate director of the National Center for Home Education. She says home schoolers choose that path for a variety of reasons, but religion plays a role 85 percent of the time.Professor Van Galen breaks home schoolers into two groups. Some home schoolers want their children to learn not only traditional subject matter but also "strict religious doctrine and a conservative political and social perspective. Not incidentally, they also want their children to learn—both intellectually and emotionally—that the family is the most important institution in society."Other home schoolers contend "not so much that the schools teach heresy (异端邪说), but that schools teach whatever they teach inappropriately," Van Galen writes. "These parents are highly independent and strive to "take responsibility" for their own lives within a society that they define as bureaucratic and inefficient." Public schools are softening their position on home schooling because ______.
股骨颈骨折的发病原因有哪些
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