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Question 9-14Read this article about management buyouts.l Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gapsl For each gap, mark one letter(A-H) on your Answer Sheet.l Do not use any letter more than once.l There is an example at the beginning (0). How to launch a management buyout(MBO)The business you’re running has huge potential but the parent company doesn’t seem interested, and there are rumours that they are looking to sell. If ever there’s a time for you and your senior colleagues to mount a management buyout(that is, take over the company by purchasing its shares) it’s now. (0) H . That’s why it’s crucial to examine your motives carefully before doing anything. According to Mark Perchetti, private equity partner at MYT Accountants, one motive for launching an MBO is to build some capital. (9) . And this list is far from exhaustive. Before doing anything else, check the feasibility of a buyout. MBOs are invariably financed externally by borrowing money based on the company’s share value (a leveraged buyout). That’s why yo will need to adopt strategies to sharply increase profits, by cutting costs or expanding, for example. This should enable you to significantly boost the value of the shares a few years down the line. Approach the owners or parent company with your proposal and ask for permission before you disclose any confidential information to venture capitalists or banks. (10) . And what you definitely don’t want is to find yourself out of a job just yet! So, when should you act? Well, it may be easier to raise the capital when business is booming, but paying over the odds is one of the biggest risks you face. (11) . In other words, be careful not to pay too much. Also be careful who you choose for your team; this will typically consist of a CEO and 3-4 directors, but larger deals may bring in lower tiers. There’s no room for sentiment. You may have someone who was fine as the accountant of an operating division, but who you then find is not up to being MD of an independent company. (12) . To avoid this problem you should therefore consider bringing in external talent right from the start. It’s best to keep a low profile until your MBO is pretty much signed and sealed. (13) . This might also mean that your customers, employees and other stakeholders become nervous, especially if there’s a prolonged period of uncertainty. If there are key customers or suppliers whose ongoing commitment you require, wait until the last minute to talk to them. And remember, if you MBO fails, or whatever reason, you may find yourself working with the same colleagues and the current owners of the business. (14) . Do don’t burn your bridges just yet! A Other common reasons are where the business has become non-core to its parent, or where a private owner of a family business is retiring.B If you are unfortunate enough to have to do this, they won’t thank you if you have criticised their abilities or commitmentC If you buy at the peak of the market, you may find it difficult ever to make money.D Financiers want you to put in enough that it would hurt you if you lost it, but not so much that you’d be constantly worrying about it.E If your financiers come to the same conclusion, you may lose credibility.F If your interest becomes more widely known, you risk starting an auction, in which case the price will go up.G Otherwise you risk being turned down at a later stage- and getting your marching orders.H But the stakes are high: get it wrong and you could bankrupt yourself. 9.______ 10.______ 11.______ 12.______ 13.______ 14.______

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PART ONEQuestions 1-8Look at the statements below and at the five newspaper items about different companies on the opposite page.l Which company (A,B,C,D or E) does each statement(1-8) refer to?l For each statement(1-8), mark one letter (A,B,C,D or E) on your Answer Sheet.l You will need to use some of these letters more than once.l There is an example at the beginning(0) 1 Shares in this company have stopped rising in value.2 This company has again revised its growth targets downwards.3 A problem experienced by this company has led to a change of personnel.4 Suppliers may refuse to charge this company less for their goods.5 A period of rapid growth immediately preceded a fall in this company's share price.6 This company's reputation differs from that of its competitors.7 This company is planning to operate from fewer sites.8 A rise in the value of this company's shares appears to depend on the success of its present strategy. AAngusSince coming to the market five years ago, Angus has enjoyed great respect, considerably more than its peers in construction and building materials. This has been well deserved, with its initial profits now four times as great. However, the company's recent warning that such growth is unlikely to be maintained has caused a leveling off in its share price. Investors apparently want to see evidence that the current expansion into North America is paying off and paying for the large workforce, before pushing Angus shares any higher. BJohnson'sSteven Green, chairman of the ailing furniture manufacturer Johnson's, has produced his long-awaited turnaround plan for the company, comprising aggressive cost savings targets and some optimistic-looking profit forecasts. Further reducing the cost of raw materials by 15% is perhaps over-ambitious, given the resistance to the 5% cut the company imposed last year. Remaining savings should be more easily achievable through improving manufacturing efficiency, including job cuts and plant closures. Should Johnson's miss those targets, including returning to an operating profit as early as next year, Green's job could rapidly be in danger. CHora ProductsFour years ago, the shares of Hora Products, the watches and handbags distributor and retailer, stood at 405p. At that time, Hora revealed profits up by a third to £22m, but warned that growth was unlikely to continue at such a pace. The shares immediately dropped 11% and kept on falling, until they hit a trough of 64p. Last year Hora decided to concentrate on its volume divisions, which include the Lagoon and Horato watch brands, and disposed of all its luxury marques, a strategy that will be watched with interest by its rivals. DFor youA 2% drop in UK like-for-like sales in the last 3 months has forced healthcare retailers ForYou to issue a profit warning, with a suggestion that earnings for the year are likely to be cut by 10-15%. Management has been accused of over-optimism in believing it could deliver 40% new product growth annually. The turmoil resulting from this strategy will increase stock-carrying costs by £3m, and has resulted in the resignation of the director responsible for product and marketing. The shares closed on Friday at 76p, down 29% in the last year. ED&KConsumer goods giant D&K has already abandoned the targets it set only six months ago. At the time, the new chief executive Gerald Lansbury made much of his move away from his predecessor's goals for growth in sales and earnings to more realistic figures. Clearly, though, his more modest ambitions are still not modest enough: D&K has real problems with losses in market share, and faces stagnating sales. Yesterday, sure enough, Lansbury set his sights even lower, blaming market conditions for the company's poor performance.1.______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6.______ 7.______ 8______

The test time of BEC higher written test is______ .

BEC tests held ______ a year, in May and November.

BEC tests have three levels:______ ______ ______ .

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