Stretch receptors in the aortic arch and carotid sinus ()
A. stimulate secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide
B. increase angiotensin II formation
C. serve as baroreceptors that affect activity of the vagus and sympathetic nerves
D. serve as osmoreceptors that stimulate the release of ADH
E. stimulate renin secretion
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The pulse pressure is a measure of ()
A. the number of heartbeat per minute
B. the sum of the diastolic and systolic pressures
C. the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
D. the difference between the arterial and venous pressures
E. the sum of the arterial and venous pressures
Rapid depolarization (phase 0) of the action potential of ventricular muscle results from opening of ()
A. voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
B. voltage-gated Na+ channels
C. acetylcholine-activated K+ channels
D. inward rectifying K+ channels
E. ATP-sensitive K+ channels
What is most responsible for phase 0 of a cardiac nodal cell? ()
A. Voltage-gated Na+ channels
B. Acetylcholine-activated K+ channels
C. Inward rectifying K+ channels
D. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
E. Pacemaker channels
Atrial repolarization normally occurs during the ()
A. P wave
B. QRS complex
C. ST segment
D. T wave
E. isoelectric period
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