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Questions 51-56 are based on the following passage.When important events are happening around the world, most people turn to traditional media sources, such as CNN and BBC, for their news. However, during the invasion of Iraq by the United States and its allies in early 2003, a significant number of people followed the war from the point of view of an anonymous Iraqi citizen who called himself “Salam Pax”(salam means“peace”in Arabic, and pax means“peace”in Latin).Salam Pax wrote a diary about everyday life in Baghdad during the war, and posted it on his web site. Pax’ online diary was a kind of web site known as a“blog.”Blogs, short for“web-logs,”are online diaries, usually kept by individuals, but sometimes by companies and other groups of people. They are the fastest growing type of web site on the Internet.In 2003, there were estimated to be several hundred thousand blogs on the Internet, and the number was growing by tens of thousands a month.A blog differs from a traditional web site in several ways. Most importantly, it isupdated much more regularly. Many blogs are updated every day, and some are updatedseveral times a day. Also, most blogs use special software or web sites which are specifically aimed at bloggers, so you don’ need to be a computer expert to create your own blog.This means that ordinary people who may find computers difficult to use can easily set up and start writing their own blog. In 2003, the Internet company AOL introduced their own blogging service, enabling its 35 million members to quickly and easily start blogging.There are many different kinds of blogs. The most popular type is an online diary of links, where the blog writer surfs the Internet and then posts links to sites or news articles that they find interesting, with a few comments about each one. Other types are personal diaries, where the writer talks about their life and feelings. Sometimes these blogs can be very personal.There is another kind of blogging, called“moblogging,”short for“mobile blogging.”Mobloggers use mobile phones with cameras to take photos, which are posted instantly to the Internet. In 2003, the first international mobloggers conference was held in Tokyo.The use of mobile phones in this way made the headlines in Singapore when a high school student posted on the Internet a movie he had taken of a teacher shouting atanother student, and tearing up the student’ homework. Many people were shocked by the student posting a video of the incident on the Internet, and wanted phones with ameras to be banned from schools.Many people think that as blogs become more common, news reporting will rely lesson big media companies, and more on ordinary people posting news to the Internet. They think that then the news will be less like a lecture, and more like a conversation, where anyone can join in. What is this passage mainly about
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经济法确认不同的所有制性质的经济主体的法律地位一律平等，对各自的合法权益平等地予以保护；无论经济主体的所有制性质有何不同，都平等地适用法律规定的保护方法和制裁措施。 ( )
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Text 2The next big breakthrough in artificial intelligence could come from giving machines not just more logical capacity, but emotional capacity as well.Feelings aren’t usually associated with inanimate machines, but Rosalind Picard, a professor of computer technology at MIT, believes emotion may be just the thing computers need to work effectively. Computers need artificial emotion to understand their human users better and to achieve self-analysis and self-improvement.The more scientists study the "wetware" model for computing—the human brain and nervous system—the more they conclude that emotions are a part of intelligence, not separate from it. Emotions are among the tools that we use to process the tremendous amount of stimuli in our environment. They also pay a role in human learning and decision making. Feeling bad about a wrong decision, for instance, focuses attention on avoiding future error. A feeling of pleasure, on the other hand, positively reinforces an experience."If we want computers to be genuinely intelligent, to adapt to us, and to interact naturally with us, then they will need the ability to recognize and express emotions, to have emotions, and to have what has come to be called ’emotional intelligence,’" Picard says.One way that emotions can help computers, she suggests, is by helping keep them from crashing. Today’s computers produce error messages, but they do not have a "gut feeling" of knowing when something is wrong or doesn’t make sense. A healthy fear of death could motivate a computer to stop trouble as soon as it starts. On the other hand, self-preservation would need to be subordinate to service to humans. It was fear of its own death that prompted HAL, the fictional computer in the film 2002: A Space Odyssey, to kill most of its human associates.Similarly, computers that could "read" their users would accumulate a store of highly personal information about us—not just what we said and did, but what we likely thought and felt."Emotions not only contribute to a richer quality of interaction, but they directly impact a person’s ability to interact in an intelligent way," Picard says. "Emotional skills, especially the ability to recognize and express emotions, are essential for natural communication with humans." It is implied that the emotional computer （）.
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