When student complete a first draft, they consider die job of writing done — and their teachers too often agree. When professional writers complete a first draft, they usually feel that they are at the start of the writing process. When a draft is completed, the job of writing can begin. That difference in attitude is the difference between amateur and professional, inexperience and experience, journeyman and draftsman. Peter F. Drucker, the prolific (高产的) business writer, calls his first draft "the zero draft" —after that he can start counting. Most writers share the feeling mat the first draft, and all of those which follow, are opportunities to discover what they have to say and how best they can say it. To produce a progression of drafts, each of which says more and says it more clearly, the writer has to develop a special kind of reading skill. In school we are taught to decode what appears on the page as finished writing. Writers, however, face a different category of possibility and responsibility when they read their own drafts. To them the words on the page are never finished. Each can be changed and rearranged, can set off a chain reaction of confusion or clarified meaning. This is a different kind of reading, which is possibly more difficult and certainly more exciting. Writers must learn to be their own best enemy. They must accept the criticism of others and be suspicious of it; they must accept the praise of others and be even more suspicious of it. Writers cannot depend on others. They must detach themselves from their own pages so that they can apply both their caring and their craft to their own work. Such detachment is not easy. Science fiction writer Ray Bradbury supposedly puts each manuscript away for a year to the day and men rereads it as a stranger. Not many writers have the discipline or the time to do this. We must read when our judgment may be at its best; when we are close to the best moment of creation. Most people think that the principal problem is that writers are too proud of what they have written. Actually, a greater problem for most professional writers is one shared by the majority of students. They are overly critical, think everything is dreadful, tear up page after page, never complete a draft, see the task as hopeless. Therefore, the writer must learn to read critically but constructively, to cut what is bad and reveal what is good. At the end of each revision, a manuscript may look worked over, torn apart, pinned together, added to, deleted from, words changed and words changed back. Yet the book must maintain its original freshness and spontaneity (原创性,创作冲动). What might the word "journeyman" in Paragraph 2 mean
Apprentice.
B. Tourist.
C. Experienced while undistinguished worker.
D. Journalist.
Cancer should be considered to be a biological problem rather than a medical one because ()
A. viruses are known to cause cancer in animals
B. at present, human cancer is not believed to be contagious(传染的)
C. there are many known causes for the transformation of a normal cell to a cancer cell
D. results of experiments on plants and animals do not vary greatly from species to species
When student complete a first draft, they consider die job of writing done — and their teachers too often agree. When professional writers complete a first draft, they usually feel that they are at the start of the writing process. When a draft is completed, the job of writing can begin. That difference in attitude is the difference between amateur and professional, inexperience and experience, journeyman and draftsman. Peter F. Drucker, the prolific (高产的) business writer, calls his first draft "the zero draft" —after that he can start counting. Most writers share the feeling mat the first draft, and all of those which follow, are opportunities to discover what they have to say and how best they can say it. To produce a progression of drafts, each of which says more and says it more clearly, the writer has to develop a special kind of reading skill. In school we are taught to decode what appears on the page as finished writing. Writers, however, face a different category of possibility and responsibility when they read their own drafts. To them the words on the page are never finished. Each can be changed and rearranged, can set off a chain reaction of confusion or clarified meaning. This is a different kind of reading, which is possibly more difficult and certainly more exciting. Writers must learn to be their own best enemy. They must accept the criticism of others and be suspicious of it; they must accept the praise of others and be even more suspicious of it. Writers cannot depend on others. They must detach themselves from their own pages so that they can apply both their caring and their craft to their own work. Such detachment is not easy. Science fiction writer Ray Bradbury supposedly puts each manuscript away for a year to the day and men rereads it as a stranger. Not many writers have the discipline or the time to do this. We must read when our judgment may be at its best; when we are close to the best moment of creation. Most people think that the principal problem is that writers are too proud of what they have written. Actually, a greater problem for most professional writers is one shared by the majority of students. They are overly critical, think everything is dreadful, tear up page after page, never complete a draft, see the task as hopeless. Therefore, the writer must learn to read critically but constructively, to cut what is bad and reveal what is good. At the end of each revision, a manuscript may look worked over, torn apart, pinned together, added to, deleted from, words changed and words changed back. Yet the book must maintain its original freshness and spontaneity (原创性,创作冲动). Why does Ray Bradbury put each manuscript away for a year before he rereads it
A. Because he does not like his own work.
Because he feels writing is dreadful.
C. Because he is a person of principle.
D. Because he needs to detach himself from his own work.
第三节 短文理解 2 阅读下列短文,从[A]、[B]、[C]三个选项中选择一个正确答案。 Do you like drinking coke, coffee, juice or milk Do you often drink them instead of water However, of all the things we eat and drink, water is the most important. Not all of us understand this but it is quite true. Human body can go without food for a long time, but two or three days without water usually makes people die. Many people do not understand how much water the human body needs to work well. What is true is that many people do not drink enough, especially (尤其) in hot weather. Most people drink only when they are thirsty but often need more water after they take exercises. Does anyone know what is the 65%~75% of human body It is water! If we do not have enough water, we will feel tired and may become iii. So, do you know what the best drink is It’s water. Why is water so important [A] Because people don’t drink much water. [B] Because humans are all made of water. [C] Because without enough water, we will be sick.