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概念的限制：是指通过增加概念的内涵以缩小概念的外延，即由属概念过渡到种概念来明确概念的一种逻辑方法。据此定义，下列不属于概念的限制的是( )
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填空补充以下程序。 # define 【11】 30 { 【12】 ； total＝num PRICE； printf("total＝%d，num＝%d\n"， 【13】 )； }
Passage ThreeCould the bad old days of economic decline be about to return Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $ 26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979 1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this timeThe oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.Rich economics are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so lesssensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP(in constant prices) rich economics now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in itslatest Economic Outlook that, it oil prices averaged $ 22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economics by only 0. 25%～0. 50/oo of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economics-to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizableportion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is （）.
Directions:In this part there are 4 passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers. Choose the one you think is the best answer. Mark your choice on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.Passage OneMost people think of lions as strictly African beasts, but only because they’s been killed off almost everywhere else. Ten thousand years ago lions spanned vast sections of the globe. Now lions hold a small fraction of their former habitat, and Asiatic lions, a subspecies that spit from African lions perhaps 100,000 years ago, hang on to an almost impossibly small slice of their former territory.India is the proud steward of these 300 or so lions, which live primarily in a 560-square-mile sanctuary (保护区). It took me a year and a half to get a permit to explore the entire Gir Forest-and no time at all to see why these lions became symbols of royalty and gieatness. A tiger will hide in the forest unseen, but a lion stands its ground, curious and unafraid—lionhearted. Though they told me in subtle ways when I got too close, Gir’s lions allowed me unique glimpses into their lives during my three months in the forest. It’s odd to think that they are threatened by extinction; Git has as many lions as it can hold—too many, in fact. With territory in short supply, lions move about near the boundary of the forest and even leave it altogether, often clashing with people. That’s one reason India ’is creating a second sanctuary. There are other pressing reasons: outbreaks of disease or natural disasters. In 1994 a serious disease killed more than a third of Africa’sSerengeti lions—a thousand animals—a fate that could easily happen to Gir’s eats. These lions are especially vulnerable to disease because they descend from as few as a dozen individuals. "If you do a DNA test, Asiatic lions actually look like identical twins," says Stephen O’ Brien, a geneticist(基因学家) who has studied them. Yet the dangers are bidden, and you wouldn’t suspect them by watching these lords of the forest. The lions display vitality, and no small measure of charm.Though the gentle intimacy of play vanishes when it’ s time to eat, meals in Git are not necessarily frantic affairs. For a mother and her baby lion sharing a deer, or a young mate eating an antelope(羚羊), there’s no need to fight for a cut of the kill. The animals they hunt for food are generally smaller in Gir than those in Africa, and hunting groups tend to be smaller as well. What does the sentence "... meals in Gir are not necessarily frantic affair" mean ？（）
(1)参加比赛 (2)组织运动员 (3)报名参赛 (4)训练 (5)取得好成绩
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