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A close analogy to study design is the rough sketch made by an artist before he commits his vision to canvas. The broad outlines are drawn, the proper perspective achieved, and the total impact of the picture-to-be can be partially appreciated in advance. So it is with the design of research; it specifies in advance the kinds of statements that can be made on the basis of its findings and fix the perspectives against which these findings are to be evaluated. One major purpose of this study was to demonstrate whether or not the newer social research techniques could help in broadening and deepening knowledge concerning juvenile delinquency. Construction of the design was guided by this goal of exploring new methods in the analysis of juvenile delinquency. However, research technique developed in one content cannot be mechanically transferred to another. A new application of a research technique requires substantial changes and it is these innovative modifications that this study offers as its contribution. Juvenile delinquency has been the subject of many previous studies using a variety of research techniques. This study makes an additional contribution by using a design specially planned to permit a comparison of several approaches. The drawing up of the study design profited greatly from an extensive survey of previous researches on crime, undertaken during the earliest stage of the project. It was found that most studies could be classified as belonging study and personal motivation study. Each type has its characteristic design and mode of interpretation and each has produced information of considerable importance. Yet no attempt was made in any of the studies to integrate one or more of these three design types. It became apparent that one of the major contributions a pilot study could make to both method and substantive findings would be to bring all three study types together in one design for the purpose of correlating their findings and evaluating their relative importance in producing data of use to the practitioner. Three design types of previous researches are______.
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I have long believed that trouble between the races is seldom what it appears to be. It was not hard to see after my first talks with students that racial tension on campus is a problem that misrepresents itself. It has the same look, the typical pattern, of Americas timeless racial conflict.. .white racism and black protest. And I think part of our concern over it comes from the fact that it has the feel of a relapse, illness gone and come again. But if we are seeing the same symptoms, I don’t believe we are dealing with the same illness. For one thing, I think racial tension on campus is the result more of racial equality than inequality. How to live with racial difference has been America’s profound social problem. For the first 100 years or so following emancipation it was controlled by a legally approved inequality that acted as a buffer between the races. No longer is this the case. On campuses today, as throughout society, blacks enjoy equality under the law — a profound social advancement. No student may be kept out of a class or a dormitory or an extracurricular activity because of his or her race. But there is a paradox here: On a campus where members of all races are gathered, mixed together in the classroom as well as socially, differences are more exposed than ever. And this is where the trouble starts. For members of each race — young adultscoming into their own, often away from home for the first time — bring to this site of freedom, exploration, and now, today, equality, very deep fears and anxieties, not fully developed feelings of racial shame, anger, and guilt. These feelings could lie hidden in the home, in familiar neighborhoods, in simpler days of childhood. But the college campus, with its structures of interaction and adult-level competition — the big exam, the dorm, the "mixer" — is another matter. I think campus racism is born of the rub between racial difference and a setting, the campus itself, devoted to interaction and equality. On our campuses, such concentrated micro-societies, all that remains unresolved between blacks and whites, all the old wounds and shames that have never been addressed, present themselves for attention-and present our youth with pressures they cannot always handle. The passage is mainly about______.
Several loudspeakers are______from the ceiling and we can hear the speaker very clearly.
This is a very big hotel and it can______more than 1,000 people.
In 1798 the political economist Malthus predicted that in time mankind would face starvation, having outgrown the available food supplies. Today, a century and a half later, there are still experts who forecast the same global disaster unless urgent measures are taken to prevent it. By the end of the present century there may well be over five thousand million people living on this globe, ail increase of over fifty per cent of today’s figure. In order to keep pace with this increase in mankind the farmers of the world would have to step up their production of food by at least two per cent every year. Such a rate of increase has never been maintained in any country by conventional methods of agriculture, despite modern mechanization and the widespread use of fertilizers. There are no large worthwhile reserves of potential farmland, remaining, and good fertile land is continually being diverted to industrial use. Moreover, erosion of the soil takes a constant toll. Intensive research, carried out over many years in all manner of climatic conditions, has produced a revolutionary method of growing crops without using any soil at all. Hydroponics, as this technique is called, may well be the answer to all our food worries. Already it has accomplished wonders in producing huge crops. Hydroponics was once a complicated and expensive business; now it is well out of the experimental stage. Labor costs are far lower than when normal methods of agriculture are employed. In fact, it is a completely automatic system. There is no hard manual work, no digging or plowing, and no weeding to speak of. Yields can be far higher than they are in soil. According to the author, 2 percent annual increase in the production of food can not be achieved. Which of the following is not the explanation he gave for the problem
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