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Demands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs are felt in the rest Europe. Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21 countries are members, have shown that 1 percent of reptile species and 24 percent of butterflies are in danger of dying out.European concern for wildlife was outlined by Dr. Peter Baum, an expert in the environment and nature resources division of the Council, when he spoke at a conference arranged by the administrators of a British national park. The park is one of the few areas in Europe to hold the Council"s diploma for nature reserves of the highest quality, and Dr. Baum had come to present it to the park once again. He was afraid that public opinion was turning against national parks, and that those set up in the 1960s and 1970s could not be set up today. But Dr. Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in peace in their own right.No area could be expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as tourist attraction, he went on. The short view that reserves had to serve immediate human demands for outdoor recreation should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for the future."We forget that they are the guarantee of life systems, on which any built-up area ultimately depends," Dr. Baum went on, "We could manage without most industrial products, but we could not manage without nature. However, our natural environment areas, which are the original parts of our countryside, have shrunk to become mere islands in a spoiled and highly polluted land mass." Recent studies by the Council of Europe show that ______.
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This summer"s World Cup competition will see teams competing to play the world"s best football. But the football they play will not all be of the same kind. The fans expect different styles of play from Brazil, Germany, or Italy.What makes Brazilian football Brazilian Our style of playing football contrasts with the Europeans because of a combination of qualities of surprise, accuracy and good judgment. This style has won Brazil five world cups. Yet many Brazilian fans only count four of these Victories. In 1994, the team abandoned this style for modern, scientific training and tactics. The team won the cup, but in a boring way.The Italians think differently. "To many Italians, the score 0:0 has a glorious quality, suggesting perfection," says the British football writer Simon Kuper. In the Italian culture, the idea of face is very important. This is why Italian teams are traditionally built around strong defenses. The Dutch footballer Johan Cruyff once said that Italian teams never exactly beat you. It"s just that you often lose to them.In Holland, there is a tradition of decision making through argument and discussion. It is a society where everybody is expected to have a point of view. "Every Dutch player wants to control the game," says Arnold Muhren. "You play football with your brains and not your feet.""A Dutch player argues," says Simon Kuper. "An English player obeys his superior. He is a soldier." The qualities valued in English football are military-strength, aggression and courage. This can make for exciting football. But it also means that the English find it difficult to use skillful players. David Beckham is usually criticized for his failure to defend—despite the fact that he is an attacker.If the English like to fight, the Germans like to win. In recent years, Germany has tried to change its image as a country of ruthless efficiency and a desire for victory at all costs. But Germans are quite happy for these qualities to remain in their national football team. "Football is a simple game," Gary Lineker once said. "You kick a ball about for ninety minutes and in the end the Germans win."It"s difficult to predict who will win this year"s World Cup. There is no strong favorite. But a look at the track record of previous winners shows that it is the nations with the strongest national characteristics in the football that perform best. It seems that you need to know where you come from if you want to get to the top. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Brazilian style of playing football
Unlike most of the other non-foolish holidays, the history of April Fool’s Day, sometimes called All Fool’s Day, is not totally dear. 1 There really wasn’t a "First April Fool’s Day" that can be pinpointed on the calendar. 2 Some believe it sort of evolved simultaneously in several cultures at the same time, from celebrations involving the first day of spring. The closest point in time that can be identified as the beginning of this tradition was in 1582, in France. 3 Prior to that year, the new year was celebrated for eight days, beginning on March 25. The celebration culminated on April 1. With the reform of the calendar under Charles IX, the Gregorian calendar was introduced, and New Year’s Day was moved to January 1. 4 However, communications being what they were in the days when news traveled by foot, many people did not receive the news for several years. 5 Others, the more obstinate crowd, refused to accept the new calendar and continued to celebrate the new year on April 1. These backward folk were labeled as "fools" by the general populace. They were subject to some ridicule, and were often sent on "fools errands" or were made the butt (笑柄) of other practical jokes.
Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes in the automobile to monitor exhaust and send data on pollution to a microprocessor that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what the New York Times calls "metal-hungry microbes that might be used to mine valuable trace metal from ocean water". They have already demanded and won the right to patent new life forms.Nervous critics, including many scientists, worry that there is corporate, national, international, and inter-scientific rivalry in the entire biotechnological field. They create images not of oil spills, but of "microbe spills" that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and accidental release of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger the imagination.Should we breed people with cow-with stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby relieving the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement, for example, creating pilots with faster reaction times or assembly-line workers designed to do our monotonous work for us Should we attempt to eliminate "inferior" people and breed a "super-race" (Hitler tried this, but without the genetic weaponry that may soon issue from our laboratories.) Should we produce soldiers to do our fighting Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate "unfit" babies Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a "savings bank" full of spare kidney, livers, or handsWild as these notions may sound, every one has its advocates (and opposers) in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God, "Broad scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines automobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance becomes commercially practical, a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created." According to the passage, Hitler attempted to ______.
"Out through that window, exactly three years ago, 1 . They never came hack. In crossing the country to the shooting-ground they were all three swallowed in a bog. It had been that terrible wet summer, you know, and places that were safe in other years became suddenly dangerous. 2 . That was the worst part of it. "Here the child’s voice lost its calm sound and became almost human. "Poor aunt always thinks that they will come back someday, they and the little brown dog that was lost with them, 3 . That is why the window is kept open every evening till it is quite dark. Poor dear aunt, she has often told me how they went out, her husband with his white coat over his arm, and Ronnie, her youngest brother, singing a song, 4 , because she said it affected her nerves. 5 , sometimes on quiet evenings like this, I almost get a strange feeling that they will all walk in through the window—" She stopped and trembled. It was a relief to Framton 6 . "I hope Vera has been amusing you" she said. "She has been very interesting, "said Framton. "I hope you don’t mind the open window," said Mrs. Sappleton brightly; "my husband and brothers will be home soon from shooting, 7 . They’ve been shooting birds today near the bog, so they’ll make my poor carpets dirty. 8 " She talked on cheerfully about the shooting and the scarcity of birds, and the hopes of shooting in the winter. To Framton it was all quite terrible. He made a great effort, 9 . He was conscious that his hostess was giving him only a part of her attention, and her eyes were frequently looking past him to the open window and the grass beyond. It was certainly unfortunate 10 . A. Do you know B. that he should have paid his visit on this sorrowful day C. and they always come in this way D. Their bodies were never found E. All you men do that sort of thing, don’t you F. and walk in at that window just as they used to do G. which was only partly successful, to turn the talk on to a more cheerful subject H. her husband and her two young brothers went off for their day’s shooting I. as he always did to annoy her J. when the aunt came busily into the room and apologized for being late
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