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阅读理解Passage 1 Manners evolved differently in different cultures. In earlier times there was a tendency for manners to become increasingly formal, and this was often viewed as progress. In the 18th and 19th centuries having good manners was seen as an important part of one’s education and social class, and it was necessary to be taken as a lady or a gentleman to get ahead in the world.In the 20th and 21st centuries, manners have gradually become more relaxed and informal. The hosting of dinners and other social gatherings are no longer the exclusive privilege of the wealthy elite (精英), and private clubs are being gradually replaced by more open meeting places. So the manners of the salon (沙龙) are gradually combining with the manners of the pub. Clothing is a good indication of the changes in manners, as can be seen in the following examples.It is surprising that the wearing of hats indoors by males is once again becoming acceptable. Students in North America often wear baseball caps to class. In many countries the wearing of hats indoors by males was once acceptable even in very polite society, but over the years this became considered as a lower-class behavior and was thus discouraged in both the middle and upper classes. The young people who wear hats indoors do not realize they are actually restarting a very old cultural tradition.A comparable development for females is the wearing of jeans. Many females now wear jeans on a daily basis, either at home or at work. Some see this as a symbolic declaration that they are now modern women, not girls or ladies. Some girls, like boys, wear baseball caps both indoors and outdoors.Sneakers and shorts are now acceptable for either males or females in a variety of non-athletic situations. Some companies have rules requiring informal dress such as jeans or sneakers on Fridays (called “dress-down Friday” or “casual Friday”), and others permit it almost all the time. In these companies, and many others, it is acceptable to call the bosses by their first names.（阅读理解1习题为22-26题，请各位同学顺序作答）What does the passage mainly talk about?
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As the woman noticed that her car's brakes were failing, and she could not keep from crashing into the wall, her entire body became________ with fear.
Their success was due________ to their well-conceived (周密策划的) plan.
According to the author, today wearing hats indoors, and wearing jeans at work mainly indicate that ________.
Passage 2Not long ago, 20,000 middle- and high-school students were surveyed (调查). 92 percent of the teenagers admitted having lied to their parents in the previous year, and 73 percent of them call themselves as “serial liars”, people continually lying. Despite these admissions, 91 percent of all those people said they were “satisfied with my own character”. Think how often we hear the expressions “I’ll call you” or “I’m sorry, but he stepped out”. And then there are professions, such as lawyers and consultants (顾问), whose members seem to specialize in shaping the truth to suit clients’ (当事人) needs. Little white lies become widespread, and the reasons we give each other for telling lies are familiar. “What’s wrong with that?”How often do we praise people for how well they look, or express our appreciation for gifts, when we don’t really mean it? Surely, these “nice lies” are harmless and well intended, a necessary social lubricant (润滑剂). But, we should remember the words of English novelist Sir Walter Scott, who wrote, “What a tangled (错综复杂的) web we weave (编), when first we practice to deceive.” Even seemingly harmless lies can have unexpected consequences. Psychological obstacles disappear; the ability to make more distinction can become dull; the liar’s awareness of his chances of being caught may become dull. By itself, that kind of lie is of no great consequence.Still, the endless build-up of these lies does matter. Once they’ve become common enough, even the small untruths that are not meant to hurt will encourage a certain doubt and loss of trust. When trust is damaged, the community as a whole suffers; and when it is destroyed, societies collapse. Are all white lies to be avoided at all costs? The most understandable and forgivable lies are an exchange of the principle of trust for the principle of caring, like telling children about Santa Claus, or lying to someone to give him a surprise party. But a president of an institute says, “Still, we must ask ourselves if we are willing to give our friends and associates the authority to lie to us whenever they think it is for our own good.”（阅读理解2习题为27-31题，请各位同学顺序作答） Which of the following statements is NOT true about the survey?
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