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阅读下文，完成以下问题。我们要了解和评判一个作者，应该知道他那时代对于他那一类作品的意见，这些意见就是后世文艺批评史的材料，而在当时表示一种文艺风气。一个艺术家总在某些社会条件下创作，也总在某种文艺风气里创作。这个风气影响到他对题材、体裁、风格的去取，给予他以机会，同时也限制了他的范围。就是抗拒这个风气的人也受到它负面的支配，因为他不得不另出手眼来逃避或矫正他所厌恶的风气。正像列许登堡所说，模仿有正有负，亦步亦趋是模仿，“反其道而行也是模仿”；圣佩韦也说，尽管一个人要推开自己所处的时代，仍然免不了和它接触，而且接触得很着实。所以，风气是创作里的潜势力，是作品的背景， 而从作品本身不一定看得清楚。 我们阅读当时人所信奉的理论，看他们对具体作品的褒贬好恶，树立什么标准，提出什么要求，就容易了解作者周围的风气究竟是怎么一回事，好比从飞沙、麦浪波纹里看出了风的姿态。一时期的风气经过长时期而能保持，没有根本的变动，那就是传统。传统有惰性，不肯变，而事物的演化又使它不得不以变应变，因此规律、习惯不断地相机破例，实际上作出种种妥协，来迁就事物的演变。它把规律解释得宽，可以收容新风气，免得因对抗而动摇地位。传统愈悠久，妥协愈悠久，妥协愈多，愈不肯变，变的需要就愈迫切，不再能委曲求全，于是旧传统和新风气破裂而被它破坏。新风气的代兴也常有一个相反相成的现象。它一方面强调自己是崭新的东西，和不相容的原有传统立异；而另一方面要表示自己大有来头，非同小可，向古代另找一个传统作为渊源所自。例如明、清的批注家要把《水浒》、《儒林外史》等白话小说和《史记》、《汉书》挂钩搭线，西方18世纪批评家也要把新兴的长篇散文小说遥承古希腊、罗马的史诗。这类暴发户造谱牒或者野孩子认父的事例，在文学史上常有；它会影响创作，使作品从自然的天真转而为自觉的有教养、有师承，所以未可忽视。 文中用“暴发户造谱牒”、“野孩子认父”作喻来说明（）。
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W: I have been thinking about my uncle a lot these days.M: Why not go over for a visit What does the man mean().
Our surroundings are being polluted faster than ever and it seems that people cannot prevent it. Time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more industry’, more cars, larger cities, and the growing use of man-made materials.What can explain and settle this problem The fact is that pollution is caused by man—by his desire (欲望) for a modem way of life. We make "increasing industrialization" (工业化) our first aim. So we are often ready to offer everything: clean air, pure water, good food, our health and the future of our children. There is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the achievements of our modem society. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years, pollution has become a serious problem.Isn’t it time we stopped to ask ourslves where we are going—and why It makes one think of the story about the pilot (飞行员) who told his passengers over the loudspeaker: "I’ve some good news and some bad news. The good news is that we’re making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. The bad news is that we are lost and don’t know where we’re going." The sad fact is that this becomes a true story when speaking of our modern society. What dose the writer really want to say in the passage().
Nipponex EletuicsTokyo, Japan27 December 1996Amperlite Ltd146 O’Leary StDublin, IrelandDear sirs,Improved ways of production make us able to offer you our change of Drilite batteries (电池) at a reduced price for large quantities.Further information of the new prices for your market are sent to you together with the letter, and you will see that the price has already reduced 5 percent. As c.i.f (成本，保险加运费) to Dubhn is included in our prices, you will agree that they are clearly lower than those of producers of the same batteries, both here in Japan and elsewhere. The quality of our producers remains the same—only the finest chemicals are used. The new prices are for the least orders of 1,000 pounds and will begin from January 1. Immediate sending off is guaranteed because enough can be made whenever you require it.We appreciate your past dealing and cooperstion (合作) with us, and look forward to supplying you in the new year at the new prices.Yours truly,Nipponex Electrics If the Irish expect to enjoy the 5% of reduction at prices, they should().
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