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For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Why do so many people live to a healthy old age in certain parts of the world What is the (36) of their long lives Three things seem to (37) to it: fresh air, flesh food and a simple way of life. People work near their homes in the clean, mountain air instead of travelling long (38) to work by bus, car or train. They do not sit all day in (39) offices or factories, but work hard outdoors in the fields. They take more exercise and eat less food than people in the cities of the West. For years, the Hunaz of the Himalayas did not need policemen, lawyers or doctors. There was no crime, no (40) and not much illness in their society. They were a happy, peaceful people, famous all over India for their long, healthy lives.Although many people are keen on (41) out ways to live a longer life, there are people worrying about their (42) years. Once a retired doctor I (43) shared with me his worries: It’s only natural to look forward to something better. (44) . It is one of life’s great ironies that the longer we live, the less there is to look forward to. Retirement may bring with it the fulfillment of a lifetime’s dreams. (45) . From then on, the dream fades. (46) .Who wants to live long enough to become a doddering wreck Who wants to go back to that most dreadful of all human conditions, a second childhood 46（）
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According to new research simple words such as ’be’, ’that’, ’will’, ’him’, ’and’ and even ’a’ could hold the key to a successful marriage. Experts say the style in which couples talk and how they use common words can predict whether a relationship will be successful or not.It is already well known that people are attracted to potential partners who resemble themselves in personality, values and physical appearance. However, experts now claim these features only skim the surface of what makes a relationship work. The ways that people talk are also important according to the study which found that people who speak in a similar style are more compatible. The U.S. study focused on what it dubbed ’function words’.These are not nouns or verbs, but everyday words such as a, be, anything, that, will, him and even and. Study coauthor Professor James Pennebaker, of Texas University, said how we use these words constitutes our writing and speaking style and couples who use them in the same way have better and longer-lasting partnerships.Researchers examined whether the speaking and writing styles couples adopt during conversation with each other predict future dating behaviour and the long-term strength of relationships. They conducted two experiments in which a computer programme compared partners’ language styles.In the first study, pairs of college students had four-minute speed dates while their conversations were recorded. Almost every pair covered the same topics, such as their study subject, where they were from and if they liked college. Prof Pennebaker said: "Every conversation sounded more or less the same to the naked ear, but text analysis revealed obvious differences in language synchrony (同步). The pairs whose language style matching scores were above average were almost four times as likely to want future contact as pairs whose speaking styles were out of sync."A second study revealed the same pattern in everyday online chats between dating couples over the course of 10 days. Almost 80 percent of the couples whose writing style matched were still dating three months later, compared with approximately 54 percent of the couples who did not match as well.Prof Pennebaker said: "What people are saying to each other is important, but how they are saying it may be even more telling. But what’s wonderful about this is we don’t really make that decision—it just comes out of our mouths. People are not consciously synchronizing their speech.\ Experts now claim that similar （） are not enough in a successful relationship.
Will the European Union make it The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a "Bermuda triangle" of debt, demographic decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonisation within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonise.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and competitiveness, backed by quasiautomatic (半自动的) sanctions for governments that stray. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic coordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A "southern" camp headed by France wants something different: "European economic government" within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonisation: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalisation, and make capitalism kind and gentle.The problem is that the "European social model" has become, too often, a synonym (同义词) for a very expensive way of doing things. It has also become an end in itself, with some EU leaders calling for Europe to grow purely in order to maintain its social-welfare systems. That is a pretty depressing call to arms: become more dynamic so Europe can still afford old-age pensions and unemployment benefits. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that （）.
Dogs Make Employees More Productive At WorkLeib Lurie never intended for his company, message delivery service One Call Now, to be pet-friendly. But his dog, Ivy, had other ideas.Five years ago, the German shepherd showed up unannounced at One Call Now’s Troy, Ohio-based office—a 1.5-mile trek from Lurie’s home. When he continued to make the trip each day he wasn’t brought to the office, Lurie realized it was time for a change in company policy. Today, four or five employee’s dogs, as well as a variety offish, birds, and other caged animals join Ivy in the office daily to make One Call Now a workingman’s menagerie (动物园)."They’re not very good at sending voice messages," Lurie jokes of the pets in his office. "But we’ve gotten them down with using the computer, at least the point part."One Call Now joins a growing force of companies across the United States to welcome pets in the workplace. While only 17 percent of U.S. employers currently allow animals in the workplace, according to a survey from the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association, pet-friendly, often specifically dog-friendly, environments are building steam. From major companies like Google, Zynga, and Amazon.com to growing start-ups, more and more canine companions are showing up to work.For many entrepreneurs, the inception of a dog-friendly environment begins long before offices enter the picture. "My dog, Blueberry, was the founding dog," explains Randy Hetrik, founder of TRX Training. "Literally, it was him and me before any other people came in, so he takes great pride in what we’ve accomplished." As Hetrik built his company, he never forgot his first partner. Today, up to ten dogs wander with Blueberry through the four floors of TRX’s San Francisco office,Many pet-friendly work environments develop as a part of the company’s larger mission or company culture. After spending years in uptight corporate climates, Nancy Squires founded her own consulting firm, The Squires Group, with a distinctly homey atmosphere, which included her two Italian greyhounds.Marketing software company G5’s dog-friendliness fits into the animal-friendly climate of their mountain town Bend, Oregon, as well as the company’s own cultural backbone. "We try to have a culture that promotes freedom for the employees and helps them thrive," says G5 CEO Dan Hobin. "If that involves bringing your dog to work, bring your dog to work."Having dogs underfoot might seem to some like a distraction, but advocates of animals in the workplace see quite the opposite. Dogs in the office foster friendlier, more collaborative work environments. At G5, this includes dogs posing as mascots for the company’s various divisions. "Everyone rallies around the dogs," Hobin says.Employees surrounded by dogs also have a tendency to rally around their jobs. According to a survey of 50 small and large companies by the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association in 2008, companies that allow pets in the workplace see a lower rate of employee absenteeism (旷工) and more willingness to work longer hours."There are a lot of people who know they have to spend extra hours at work, particularly in this economic climate," says Debrah Schnackenberg, vice president of emergency services for the American Humane Association. "People feel comfortable spending that extra hour or two at the office when they know their dog is right there with them."Dog-friendliness may generate more loyalty for the company as a whole. In the last two years, One Call Now has seen a two or three percent turnover rate. Lurie attributes this small number in part to the office pets. "You ask someone who is in a $12-an-hour job, ’Would you work anywhere else’ And they say, ’No way.’ Where else could I bring my dog to work" he says.This sense of loyalty stems from a simple concept: Dogs make people happy. "They’re always happy to see you, they’re happy for the smallest things, and they’re ever optimistic," says Hetrik. "Having a dog wandering around just seems to make people smile."In high-performance or high-stress work environments, dogs can not only spread smiles but also ease tension. Taking a walk, practicing a trick, or even absentmindedly scratching a dog behind the ear allows even the most worked-up employee to relax and reprioritize. "It’s their cigarette," says Squires. "The dogs are a sense of peace, gentleness, a diversion, something other than what we define as work. I think it’s a great break."And, a dog break is certainly healthier than a smoke break. Numerous studies have shown that having the companionship or even being in the presences of a pet, for instance in the workplace, lowers blood pressure and cortisol levels while heightening endorphins and oxytocin, the hormone linked to maternal bonding. Such an emotional connection is healthy for your dog as well. "Dogs bond to their humans and would rather be with them than not," says Schnackenberg. "From an emotional well-being perspective, it’s healthy for a dog to be with their owner throughout the day."With their many attributes and benefits, dogs play a critical role in pet-friendly company’s hiring processes. All of the aforementioned companies and many more like them use their dogs in the interview process to introduce potential employees to the corporate climate. Their reactions to the animals also serve as a compatibility test. "I’ve never met a dog-friendly person who wasn’t a customer-friendly person," says Lurie. "And we hire customer-friendly people."The dog un-friendly or the allergenic, however, need not apply."You try to build a company of people who can rally around a vision, and dogs play a part of that," Hetrik says. "People who look at that and say how stinky or hairy or whatever probably aren’t people that are going to mold well into the casual, rough and tumble, work hard, play hard work environment that I’ve created."The Squires Group maintains a similar mantra (口号). "If people don’t do dogs, there may be another part of the company they don’t do," Squires says. "I’m not saying they’re bad people or that they wouldn’t be great for other companies, but they wouldn’t fit our company greatly."Companies considering introducing a dog-friendly work environment should consider adopting a pet policy. When advising companies in this transition, the American Human Association suggests highlighting clear rules about when you can bring your dog in, what behavior is expected, and what happens when the pet or person does not conform to those rules.Many small companies adopt these advised policies, but govern their pets in a more ad hoc (非正式的) manner. After a few minor "accidents," G5’s HR Department developed a detailed pet policy to include in the company handbook. "I don’t think I actually ever read it," admits Hobin. "In short, though, the policy is to be responsible and respectful."At TRX, dogs are under the same considerations as people. "You wouldn’t tolerate a lot of barking, snapping and snarling from the people you work with," Hetrik says. "Neither should you tolerate it from the canine pals they bring to work. We’re pretty clear on all that." Growing companies should also be flexible to changing the stipulations in their policy as they develop.Adjustments to the TRX pet policy are under consideration as the company intends to expand its workforce from 120 to 300 employees. The company may introduce a sign-up, limiting the total number of dogs to the current two to three per floor. No matter the changes, though, dogs will remain a fixture in the company."Dogs were part of the fabric from the very beginning,, says Hetrik. "And they’ll be here until the very end. I like having these pups around.\ Lurie believes that a dog-friendly person （）.
If a tax is not accepted by most people, it will be modified next year.
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