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Every profession or trade, every art and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to designate things or processes which have no names in ordinary English, and partly to secure greater exactness in nomenclature. Such special dialects, or jargons, are necessary in technical discussion of any kind. Being universally understood by the devotees of the particular science or art, they have the precision of a mathematical formula. Besides, they save time, for it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it. Thousands of these technical terms are very properly included in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather on the outskirts of the English language than actually within its borders. Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of heir special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary, is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fiber of our language. Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sounds; and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in their older strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons, and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guild. The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associates freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called "popular science" makes everybody acquainted with modern views and recent discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it --as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy. Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace. In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number of technical terms in the nomenclature of ______.
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To produce the upheaval in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid of 1860’s to the mid of 1800’s, three primary causes interacted. The emergence of a half dozen leaders in education provided the personal force that was needed. Moreover, an outcry for a fresher, more practical, and more advanced kind of instruction arose among the alumni and friends of nearly all of the old colleges and grew into a movement that overrode all conservative opposition. The aggressive "Young Yale" movement appeared, demanding partial alumni control, a more liberal spirit, and a broader course of study. The graduates of Harvard College simultaneously rallied to relieve the college’s poverty and demand new enterprise. Education was pushing toward higher standards in the East by throwing off church leadership everywhere, and in the West by finding a wider range of studies and a new sense of public duty. The old-style classical education received its most crushing blow in the citadel of Harvard College, where Dr. Charles Eliot, a young captain of thirty -- five, son of a former treasure of Harvard, led the progressive forces. Five revolutionary advances were made during the first years of Dr. Eliot’s administration. They were the elevation and amplification of entrance requirements, the enlargement of the curriculum and the development of the elective system, the recognition of graduate study in the liberal arts, the raising of professional training in law, medicine, and the fostering of greater maturity in student life. Standards of admission were sharply advanced in 1872～1873 and 1876～1877. By the appointment of a dean to take charge of student affairs, and a wise handling of discipline, the undergraduates were led to regard themselves more as young gentlemen and less as young animals. One new course of study after another was opened up: science, music, the history of the fine arts, advanced Spanish, political economy, physics, classical philology, and international law. Which of the following is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage
报关员记分达到《中华人民共和国海关对报关员记分考核管理办法》规定分值，应参加海关组织的报关业务岗位考核，岗位考核不合格的，应当继续参加下一次考核。
Geography is study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers compare and contrast (31) places on the earth. But they also (32) beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a (33) . The word geography (34) from two Greek words, ge, the Greek word for "earth" and graphic, (35) means" to write". The English word (36) means" to describe the earth". Some geography books focus (37) a small area (38) a town or city. Others deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an (39) continent. Many geography books deal (40) the whole earth. Another (41) to divide the study of geography is to (42) between physical geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; (43) starts with human beings and (44) how human beings and their environment act (45) each other. But when geography is considered as a single subject, (46) branch can neglect the other. A geographer might be described as one who observes, records, and explains the (47) between places. If places (48) alike, there would be little need for geographers. We know, however, (49) no two places are exactly the same. Geography, (50) , is a point of view, a special way of looking at places.
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