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Obesity Causes Global Warming The list of ills attributable to obesity keeps growing: Last week, obese people were accused of causing global warming. This (51) comes from Sheldon Jacobson of the University of Illinois, US, and a doctoral student, Laura McLay. Their study (52) how much extra gasoline is needed to haul fat Americans around. The answer, they say, is a billion gallons of gas per year. It (53) an extra 11 million tons of carbon dioxide. There has been (54) for taxes on junk food in recent years. US economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food (55) to people's cars." We tax cigarettes partly because of their health cost," Schmidt said. "Similarly, leading a lazy life style will end (56) costing taxpayers more." US political scientist Eric Oliver said his first instinct was to laugh at these gas and fast food arguments. But such (57) are getting attention. At the US Obesity Society's annual meeting, one person(58) obesity with car accident deaths, and another correlated obesity with suicides. No one asked whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship. "The funny thing was that everyone took it (59) ." Oliver said. In a 1960s study, children were (60) drawings of children with disabilities and without them, and a drawing of an obese child. They were asked (61) they would want for a friend? The obese child was picked last. Three researchers recently repeated the study (62) college students. Once again, (63) no one, not even obese people, liked the obese person. "Obesity was stigmatized." the researchers said. But, researchers say, getting (64) is not like quitting smoking. People struggle to stop smoking, and, in the end, many succeed. Obesity is different. But, not because obese people don't care. Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight. Genes also (65) a part. 58（）
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B型题 齿龈流血，不痛不红微肿为（）
How we form first impression We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her – aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits. The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in a how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information – the sights and sounds of your world. Theses incoming ―signals‖are compared against a host of ―memories‖ stored in the brain areas called the cortex (大脑皮层)system to determine what these new signals ―mean‖. If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says ―familiar and safe‖. ―If you see someone new, it says, ―new—potentially threatening‖. Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other ―known‖ memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, ―This is new. I don’t like this person.‖ Or else, ―I am intrigued.‖ Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures –like your other friends; so your brain says: ―I like this person.‖ But theses preliminary ―impressions‖ can be dead wrong. When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people – their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character – we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks. However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking— and themost complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane. Our first impression of someone new is influenced by his or her.（）
Wrongly convinced man and his accuser tell their storiesNEW YORK,NY, January 5,2010. St.Martin’s Press has announced the release of the paperback edition of Picking Cotton, a remarkable true story of what novelist John Grisham calls an ―account of violence, rage, redemption(救赎)，and, ultimately forgiveness.‖ The story began in 1987, in Burlington, North Carolina, with the rape of a young while college student named Jennifer Thompson. During her ordeal(折磨), Thompson swore(发誓) to herself that she would never forget the face of her rapist(强奸犯), a man who climbed through the window of her apartment and assaulted(攻击) her brutally. During the attack, she made an effort to memorize every detail of his face, looking for scars, tattoos( 纹身)，or other identifying marks. (46 ) When the police asked her if she could identify the assailant (袭 击者) from a book of mug shots(嫌疑犯照片), she picked one that she was sure was correct, and later she identified the same man in a lineup(行列). Based on her convincing eye witness testimony, a 22-year-old black man named Ronald Cotton was sentenced to prison for two life terms. Cotton’s lawyer appealed the decision(提出上诉), and by the time of the appeals hearing(上诉听证会), evidence had come to light suggesting that the real rapist might have been a man who looked very like Cotton, an imprisoned criminal named Bobby Poole. Another trial was held. (47 ) Jennifer Thompson looked at both men face to face, and once again said that Ronald Cotton was the one who raped her. Eleven years later, DNA evidence completely exonerated(证明??清白)Cotton and just as unequivocally(明确地) convicted Poole, who confessed to the crime. Thompson was shocked and devastated(使震惊) (48 ) ―The man I was so sure I had never seen in my life was the man who was inches from my throat, who raped me, who hurt me, who took my spirit away, who robbed me of my soul,‖ she wrote. ―And the man I had identified so surely on so many occasions was absolutely innocent.‖ Jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologize to him personally. (49 ) Remarkably both were able to put this tragedy behind them, overcome the racial barrier that divided them, and write a book, which they have subtitled ―Our memoir(回忆录) of injustice and redemption(拯救).‖ Nevertheless, Thompson says, she still lives ―with constant pain that my profound mistake cost him so dearly. I cannot begin to imagine what would have happened had my mistaken identification occurred in a capital (可判死刑的)case. (50 ) 46（）
How we form first impression We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her – aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits. The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in a how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information – the sights and sounds of your world. Theses incoming ―signals‖are compared against a host of ―memories‖ stored in the brain areas called the cortex (大脑皮层)system to determine what these new signals ―mean‖. If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says ―familiar and safe‖. ―If you see someone new, it says, ―new—potentially threatening‖. Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other ―known‖ memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, ―This is new. I don’t like this person.‖ Or else, ―I am intrigued.‖ Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures –like your other friends; so your brain says: ―I like this person.‖ But theses preliminary ―impressions‖ can be dead wrong. When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people – their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character – we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks. However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking— and themost complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane. The word “preliminary” in Paragraph 3 is closet in meaning to（）
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