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第二篇Study Says Dogs Can Smell Cancer Dogs are known for their sense of smell.They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs.Now a study suggests that the animal known as man’s best friend can even find bladder(膀胱)cancer. Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors(气味).Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors,even in very small amounts,in urine(尿).The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans. The study follows reports of cases where,for example,a dog showed great interest in a growth on the let of its owner.The mole(痣)was later found to be skin cancer. Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Amersham Hospital in England.They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment.The study involved urine collected from bladder cancer patients,from people with other diseases and from healthy people. Each dog was tested eight times.In each test there were seven samples for the dogs to smell.The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it. Two cocker spaniels(短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬)were correct fifty-six percent of the time.But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent. As a group,the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifyt-four times.That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone. The British Medical Journal published the research.In all,thirty-six bladder cancer patients and one hundred and eight other people took part. During training,all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had tested healthy before the study.Doctors found a growth on the person’s right kidney(肾). Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide.The International Agency for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each year.Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer. The dog’s average success rate was ()

A. 56%
B. 41%
C. 22%
D. 54%

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病例对照研究可以直接计算RR。 ( )

A. 对
B. 错

患儿,8 个月,单纯母乳喂养,从未加辅食。近来,面色蜡黄,表情呆滞,舌面光滑,有轻微震颤,肝于肋下4cm,血常规检查:Hb:90g/L,RBC:2×1012/L,血清维生素B12 降低(90~91 共用题干) 预防该疾病应强调

A. 预防感染
B. 多晒太阳
C. 按时添加辅食
D. 培养良好饮食习惯
E. 加强体格锻炼

患儿,9 个月,呕吐、腹泻3 天,尿量略少,皮肤弹性稍差,口唇微干,眼窝轻度凹陷。血清钠浓度为140mmol/L(92~93 共用题干) 该患儿失水约占其体重的

A. 4%
B. 8%
C. 10%
D. 12%
E. 14%

L市政协就市政府起草的《L市大气污染防治条例(草案)》开展协商,提出数百条建议,在最终提交给市人大会审议的草案中,有83处修改源于政协委员的智慧。这体现了( )①人民代表大会制度的组织活动原则 ②政协委员直接管理国家经济社会事务③人民政协在立法领域有效开展政治协商 ④政府通过行使立法权提高决策水平

A. ①③
B. ①④
C. ②③
D. ②④

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