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[案例] 背景: 陈村拦河闸设计过闸流量2000m3/s,河道两岸堤防级别为1级,在拦河闸工程建设中发生如下事件: 事件1:招标人对主体工程施工进行公开招标,招标人拟定的招标公告中有如下内容: (1)投标人须具备堤防工程专业承包一级资质,信誉佳,财务状况良好,类似工程经验丰富。 (2)投标人必须具有××省颁发的投标许可证和安全生产许可证。 (3)凡有意参加投标者,须派人员持有关证件于2012年6月15日上午8:00—12:00,下午14:30—17:30向招标人购买招标文件。 (4)定于2012年6月22日下午3:00在×××市新华宾馆五楼会议室召开标前会,投标人必须参加。 事件2:由于石材短缺,为满足工期的需要,监理人指示承包人将护坡形式由砌石变更为混凝土砌块,按照合同约定,双方依据现行水利工程概(估)算编制管理规定编制了混凝土砌块单价,单价中人工费、材料费、机械使用费分别为10元/m3、389元/m3、1元/m3。受混凝土砌块生产安装工艺限制,承包人无力完成,发包人向承包人推荐了专业化生产安装企业A作为分包人。 事件3:按照施工进度计划,施工期第1月承包人应当完成基坑降水、基坑开挖(部分)和基础处理(部分)的任务,除基坑降水是承包人应完成的临时工程总价承包项目外,其余均是单价承包项目,为了确定基坑降水方案,承包人对基坑降水区域进行补充勘探,发生费用3万元,施工期第1月末承包人申报的结算工程量清单如下表所示: 工作代号持续时间(月)工作内容合同工程量实际工程量HIJ111丁坝坝基清理丁坝坝身填筑丁坝混凝土护坡0.1万m30.2万m3300m30.1万m30.2万m3300m3 问题: 指出施工期第1月结算工程量清单中结算工程量(金额)不妥之处,并说明理由。

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临床诊疗道德的及时原则要求医务人员

A. 积极充分利用现实条件,严肃认真做出符合病情实际的判断
B. 认真实施有效治疗
C. 力争尽快地对疾病作出诊断,主动迅速地治疗,并认真适时地对病人的要求和疾病变化做出反应
D. 认真仔细选择使病人受益与代价比例适当的诊疗措施
E. 拒绝病人不合理要求

【F1】Despite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way.The specific behavior depends on the child"s individual personality, characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender.【F2】In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easygoing, children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce, as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to life change in general.Stress, such as that found in disrupted families, seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings, the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast, a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easygoing, relaxed child learn to cope with adversity.There is some relationship between age and children"s characteristic reaction to divorce.【F3】As the child grows older, the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understanding of those feelings, and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be attributed to any one simple cause.Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8, and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame, anger, and self-reflection.Gender of the child is also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce. The impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant, have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit problem behaviors both at home and at school. Furthermore, the adjustment problems of boys are still noticeable even two years after the divorce. Girls" adjustment problems are usually internalized rather than acted out, and are often resolved by the second year after the divorce. However, new problems may surface for girls as they enter adolescence and adulthood. How can the relatively greater impact of divorce on boys than on girls be explained【F4】The greater male aggression and noncompliance may reflect the fact that such behaviors are tolerated and even encouraged in males in our culture more than they are in females.Furthermore, boys may have a particular need for a strong male model of self-control, as well as for a strong disciplinarian parent.【F5】Finally, boys are more likely to be exposed to their parents" fights than girls are, and after the breakup, boys are less likely than girls to receive sympathy and support from mothers, teachers, or peers. 【F2】

【F1】Despite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way.The specific behavior depends on the child"s individual personality, characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender.【F2】In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easygoing, children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce, as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to life change in general.Stress, such as that found in disrupted families, seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings, the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast, a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easygoing, relaxed child learn to cope with adversity.There is some relationship between age and children"s characteristic reaction to divorce.【F3】As the child grows older, the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understanding of those feelings, and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be attributed to any one simple cause.Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8, and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame, anger, and self-reflection.Gender of the child is also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce. The impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant, have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit problem behaviors both at home and at school. Furthermore, the adjustment problems of boys are still noticeable even two years after the divorce. Girls" adjustment problems are usually internalized rather than acted out, and are often resolved by the second year after the divorce. However, new problems may surface for girls as they enter adolescence and adulthood. How can the relatively greater impact of divorce on boys than on girls be explained【F4】The greater male aggression and noncompliance may reflect the fact that such behaviors are tolerated and even encouraged in males in our culture more than they are in females.Furthermore, boys may have a particular need for a strong male model of self-control, as well as for a strong disciplinarian parent.【F5】Finally, boys are more likely to be exposed to their parents" fights than girls are, and after the breakup, boys are less likely than girls to receive sympathy and support from mothers, teachers, or peers. 【F4】

Over the last decade, demand for the most common cosmetic surgery procedures, like breast enlargements and nose jobs, has increased by more than 400 percent. According to Dr. Dai Davies, of the Plastic Surgery Partnership in Hammersmith, the majority of cosmetic surgery patients are not chasing physical perfection. Rather, they are driven to fantastic lengths to improve their appearance by a desire to look normal."【F1】What we all crave is to look normal, and normal is what is prescribed by the advertising media and other external pressures.They give us a perception of what is physically acceptable and we feel we must look like that."【F2】In America, the debate is no longer about whether surgery is normal; rather, it centres on what age people should be before going under the knife.New York surgeon Dr. Gerard Imber recommends "maintenance" work for people in their thirties. "The idea of waiting until one needs a heroic transformation is silly," he says, "By then, you"ve wasted 20 great years of your life and allowed things to get out of hand." Dr. Imber draws the line at operating on people who are under 18, however. "It seems that someone we don"t consider old enough to order a drink shouldn"t be considering plastic surgery."In the UK cosmetic surgery has long been seen as the exclusive domain of the very rich and famous.【F3】But the proportionate cost of treatment has fallen substantially, bringing all but the most advanced laser technology within the reach of most people.Dr. Davies, who claims to "cater for the average person", agrees. He says:"I treat a few of the rich and famous and an awful lot of secretaries. Of course, £3, 000 for an operation is a lot of money. But it is also an investment for life which costs about half the price of a good family holiday."【F4】Dr. Davies suspects that the increasing sophistication of the fat injecting and removal techniques that allow patients to be treated with a local anaesthetic in an afternoon has also helped promote the popularity of cosmetic surgery.【F5】Yet, as one woman who recently paid £2, 500 for liposuction to remove fat from her thighs admitted, the slope to becoming a cosmetic surgery Veteran is a deceptively gentle one."I had my legs done because they"d been bugging me for years. But going into the clinic was so low key and effective it whetted my appetite. Now I don"t think there"s any operation that I would rule out having if I could afford it." 【F2】

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