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In common with many countries, Britain has serious environmental problems. In 1952, more than 4,000 people died in London because of the smog. The government 【26】 new laws to stop smog from coal fires and factories and the 【27】 improved a lot. Today, London is much cleaner 【28】 there is a new problem: smog from cars. In December 1991, there was very 【29】 wind in London and pollution 【30】 a lot, which led to 160 deaths in just four days. 【31】 of the problem is the new "out of town" shopping centers. In the past, people often【32】 to shops near their homes or went by bus. Today, many people drive to the new shopping centers. 【33】, the small shops have 【34】 and more people have to go a long way to 【35】 their shopping. Critics say that Britain needs better and cheaper public 【36】. Many people are trying to【37】 the use of cars in Britain. Some cities now have special bicycle 【38】 and many people ride to work. Some people also 【39】 to work together in one car to reduce the pollution and the 【40】. Sometimes people take " direct 【41】 ". In 1995, for example, many people wanted to 【42】 a new road near Newbury. They built houses 【43】 trees and lived there for many months. It 【44】 a long time to force the people out of the trees 【45】 work on the road could continue.

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Online Cancer Chat with a Safety Net Cancer Research U.K. has lanched an online chat forum for cancer patients to swap stories and share experiences on how to cope with such a devastating disease. But Cancer Chat is a forum with a difference: it has an information safety net. This means that a Cancer Research U.K. team will keep a watching brief to ensure that patients are not subjected to rogue "cancer cures" or scientifically unsound information. Anyone can have access to the messages posted on Cancer Chat but if people wish to post a message they will need to register. And Rebekah Gibbs, cancer patient and star of TV’s Casualty has pledged her support for the new project. "I think Cancer Chat is a brilliant idea," she said. "I have written a public diary about what I went through with breast cancer and I have had such a heart-warming response from other people going through the same thing. "The idea of a Cancer Chat forum means you can share information about treatment and side effects and you can really open up about your feelings online in a way that can be difficult when talking to close friends and family. And with Cancer Research U.K. monitoring the forum people can be reassured about the quality of information being exchanged. " Cancer Chat will also encourage its users to check out any cancer questions on its CancerHelp U.K. website which is specially designed to give patients and their families 6,000 pages of up-to-date information that is easy to understand and explains a wide range of treatments for different types of cancer and gives details of clinical trials. There is also a U.K. database of cancer clinical trials. The award-winning website attracts around one million visitors a month and Cancer Research U.K. hopes that some of these visitors will also want to post comments on the Cancer. For those who do not have access to computers and have questions about cancer, the charity’s team of cancer information nurses are available during office hours to talk over patients’ concerns on the phone. CancerHelp U.K. is a website that ______.

A. offers lots of information on cancer treatment and clinical trials
B. attracts numerous visitors
C. has won an award
D. all of the above

Human Heart Can Make New Cells Solving a longstanding mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age. The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack, experts say. "We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes, are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed," he said. The process of renewing these ceils changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75. "If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after, for example, a heart attack," Frisen said. That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts. "A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure," noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. "Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said. With this finding, scientists are "opening the door to potential therapies to having ourselves heal ourselves," Bhardwaj said. "Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing." But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts--whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown. The finding could prove to be helpful to ______.

A. the study of longstanding mysteries
B. the analysis of cardiac cells
C. the prevention of chronic diseases
D. the treatment of heart disease

Online Cancer Chat with a Safety Net Cancer Research U.K. has lanched an online chat forum for cancer patients to swap stories and share experiences on how to cope with such a devastating disease. But Cancer Chat is a forum with a difference: it has an information safety net. This means that a Cancer Research U.K. team will keep a watching brief to ensure that patients are not subjected to rogue "cancer cures" or scientifically unsound information. Anyone can have access to the messages posted on Cancer Chat but if people wish to post a message they will need to register. And Rebekah Gibbs, cancer patient and star of TV’s Casualty has pledged her support for the new project. "I think Cancer Chat is a brilliant idea," she said. "I have written a public diary about what I went through with breast cancer and I have had such a heart-warming response from other people going through the same thing. "The idea of a Cancer Chat forum means you can share information about treatment and side effects and you can really open up about your feelings online in a way that can be difficult when talking to close friends and family. And with Cancer Research U.K. monitoring the forum people can be reassured about the quality of information being exchanged. " Cancer Chat will also encourage its users to check out any cancer questions on its CancerHelp U.K. website which is specially designed to give patients and their families 6,000 pages of up-to-date information that is easy to understand and explains a wide range of treatments for different types of cancer and gives details of clinical trials. There is also a U.K. database of cancer clinical trials. The award-winning website attracts around one million visitors a month and Cancer Research U.K. hopes that some of these visitors will also want to post comments on the Cancer. For those who do not have access to computers and have questions about cancer, the charity’s team of cancer information nurses are available during office hours to talk over patients’ concerns on the phone. Which is NOT true of Rebekah Gibbs

A. She is a well-known figure in Britain.
B. She got breast cancer some time ago.
C. She thinks highly of Cancer Chat.
D. She has written a private diary.

Florence Nightingale In 1837, to the age of seventeen, Florence Nightingale decided to become a nurse, (51) horrified her dear mother. In (52) days, nurses were little more than doormen, and hospitals were places of dirtiness and (53) . Nightingale pressed on and in 1853 she became president (54) a small London hospital. She went on to the Crimea when war (55) there between Britain and Russia. She (56) the first of what we now know (57) war hospitals: sanitary. safe, and stocked with supplies. Her tireless ministrations (照料) to the (58) soldiers made her famous all (59) the world. Following the War, Nightingale (60) fame and continued to train nurse, ever battling (61) what she herself declared "a commonly received idea...that it requires nothing (62) a disappointment in love, or incapacity in other things, to turn a woman (63) a good nurse." Since 1921, her birthday (64) the centerpiece of National Hospital Week, (65) in British and American hospitals with special exhibitions, workshops, and publicity drives.

A. at
B. around
C. in
D. of

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