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Banish soft drinks from school vending machines. Cut down on Happy Meals. Load school lunches with fruits and vegetables. Pull the plug on the television and shove kids outdoors. Those are some of the weapons that schools, doctors and parents wield to prevent overweight kids from packing on more pounds. But there’s another possibility: Surgically implant an inflatable silicone band around the top of the stomach to restrict food intake. That way, people eat smaller meals. Banding works for many adults. Now Allergan Inc. , a maker of the band, is asking the Food and Drug Administration to approve its device for morbidly obese adolescents as young as 14. You may or may not find this hard to stomach. We suspect your response will depend on your view of the causes of obesity, teen and otherwise. If you think losing weight is only a matter of will power, then you probably will figure this is another stab at a quick-fix that can’t work for long. But here’s why we can’t dismiss it. Chicago is a national epicenter for childhood obesity. From toddlers to teens, Chicago’s children far exceed national averages for obesity. An obese teen faces a lifetime of increased health risks. The band surgery wouldn’t be for the girl who wants to shed 25 pounds to fit into a dancing party dress. This would be for the morbidly obese—adolescents 100 pounds or more overweight. The surgery is safe and effective for adults. In limited trials, it has helped obese teens. A 2010 study in the Journal of the American Medical Association found banding surgery to be far more effective than diet and exercise programs in helping teens shed significant poundage. Of 25 patients who got the surgery, 21 lost more than half their excess weight. By contrast, only three of 25 teens on a supervised dieting and exercise program lost that much weight. The prospect of such surgery on a teen should give pause to parents and doctors. But let’s remember that this is envisioned as a last resort for teens who are 100 pounds or more overweight. Before they’re cleared for surgery, kids would have to show they diligently tried other weight loss methods. That they could stabilize their weight in preparation for surgery. And that they’re ready to follow through with psychological counseling and other after-surgery programs. Parents and kids need to know: There is no quick, pain-free way around diet and exercise as a weight control. Pills, gastric surgery and other shortcuts may help some for a while. But even surgery likely won’t be effective for long if you don’t change the way you think about food and about controlling portions. Yes, we share concerns that once doctors start ratcheting up the numbers of these surgeries, they won’t stop at the small numbers of extremely overweight teens. But that’s for doctors and parents to monitor. The FDA should allow the band to be marketed for adolescents, to give them a chance at a normal, healthy life. You might dismiss the surgical implantation if
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Judge Kleinberg got it right when he made it clear that there weren’t separate rules for bloggers and journalists. That’s not to say bloggers are or aren’t journalists—just that there shouldn’t be a distinction. In other words, the same rules apply to everyone. But—and here’s the tricky part—although the rules apply to people equally, we can, do, and should apply them differently to different acts. Asking whether bloggers are journalists is meaningless. What’s important isn’t the person but the product. If a snoopy 12-year-old girl find evidence that her town’s mayor is taking bribes, then collects it, verifies it, and publishes it on her blog, that’s journalism. If Waiter Cronkite writes in his diary that he planted daisies and washed the dishes that afternoon, that’s not. It’s what’s done, not who’s doing it. This isn’t something that always needed to be pointed out. In the old days, you could draw a line between journalists and everyone else, just as you could draw a line between any other profession. What you did is what you were: reporter, barber, grocer, tailor, whatever. Journalists were usually hired by newspapers, magazines and radio stations. And they followed certain rules, respecting off-the-record comments, being accurate and not misquoting. Today, the Web is an essentially way to get news, and, while journalism is pretty much the same, the term "journalist" is getting a bit cloudy. That’s why the question of whether bloggers are journalists keeps coming up. When anyone can publish, anyone can be a journalist. So the questions the courts need to answer is not, "Who is a journalist" but rather, "Who is doing journalism" That 12-year-old girl was doing it, even if she isn’t in high school yet—even if she wasn’t a journalist. Not being a journalist doesn’t necessarily reduce the quality of the work, nor should it reduce the protections it receives. So when a question of journalists’ rights comes up, we need to ask two questions. First, "What protections should journalism receive under the First Amendment" And second, "Was the person in question performing an act of journalism" If she is—if the work she was doing involves gathering and publishing information of legitimate public interest—then her profession doesn’t matter. The idea that the line between amateurs and professionals is blurring is something we need to get used to. The Web gives the little guy the same publishing tools as the big guy. Video-editing software is inexpensive enough that the quality of amateurs equals that of many pros. But while our technology is removing age-old distinctions, our perceptions and our laws haven’t quite embraced the new reality. It’s time to shift our thinking. People continue debating the status of the bloggers because
Judge Kleinberg got it right when he made it clear that there weren’t separate rules for bloggers and journalists. That’s not to say bloggers are or aren’t journalists—just that there shouldn’t be a distinction. In other words, the same rules apply to everyone. But—and here’s the tricky part—although the rules apply to people equally, we can, do, and should apply them differently to different acts. Asking whether bloggers are journalists is meaningless. What’s important isn’t the person but the product. If a snoopy 12-year-old girl find evidence that her town’s mayor is taking bribes, then collects it, verifies it, and publishes it on her blog, that’s journalism. If Waiter Cronkite writes in his diary that he planted daisies and washed the dishes that afternoon, that’s not. It’s what’s done, not who’s doing it. This isn’t something that always needed to be pointed out. In the old days, you could draw a line between journalists and everyone else, just as you could draw a line between any other profession. What you did is what you were: reporter, barber, grocer, tailor, whatever. Journalists were usually hired by newspapers, magazines and radio stations. And they followed certain rules, respecting off-the-record comments, being accurate and not misquoting. Today, the Web is an essentially way to get news, and, while journalism is pretty much the same, the term "journalist" is getting a bit cloudy. That’s why the question of whether bloggers are journalists keeps coming up. When anyone can publish, anyone can be a journalist. So the questions the courts need to answer is not, "Who is a journalist" but rather, "Who is doing journalism" That 12-year-old girl was doing it, even if she isn’t in high school yet—even if she wasn’t a journalist. Not being a journalist doesn’t necessarily reduce the quality of the work, nor should it reduce the protections it receives. So when a question of journalists’ rights comes up, we need to ask two questions. First, "What protections should journalism receive under the First Amendment" And second, "Was the person in question performing an act of journalism" If she is—if the work she was doing involves gathering and publishing information of legitimate public interest—then her profession doesn’t matter. The idea that the line between amateurs and professionals is blurring is something we need to get used to. The Web gives the little guy the same publishing tools as the big guy. Video-editing software is inexpensive enough that the quality of amateurs equals that of many pros. But while our technology is removing age-old distinctions, our perceptions and our laws haven’t quite embraced the new reality. It’s time to shift our thinking. When the author says "What’s important isn’t the person but the product" (in the second paragraph), he means
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Banish soft drinks from school vending machines. Cut down on Happy Meals. Load school lunches with fruits and vegetables. Pull the plug on the television and shove kids outdoors. Those are some of the weapons that schools, doctors and parents wield to prevent overweight kids from packing on more pounds. But there’s another possibility: Surgically implant an inflatable silicone band around the top of the stomach to restrict food intake. That way, people eat smaller meals. Banding works for many adults. Now Allergan Inc. , a maker of the band, is asking the Food and Drug Administration to approve its device for morbidly obese adolescents as young as 14. You may or may not find this hard to stomach. We suspect your response will depend on your view of the causes of obesity, teen and otherwise. If you think losing weight is only a matter of will power, then you probably will figure this is another stab at a quick-fix that can’t work for long. But here’s why we can’t dismiss it. Chicago is a national epicenter for childhood obesity. From toddlers to teens, Chicago’s children far exceed national averages for obesity. An obese teen faces a lifetime of increased health risks. The band surgery wouldn’t be for the girl who wants to shed 25 pounds to fit into a dancing party dress. This would be for the morbidly obese—adolescents 100 pounds or more overweight. The surgery is safe and effective for adults. In limited trials, it has helped obese teens. A 2010 study in the Journal of the American Medical Association found banding surgery to be far more effective than diet and exercise programs in helping teens shed significant poundage. Of 25 patients who got the surgery, 21 lost more than half their excess weight. By contrast, only three of 25 teens on a supervised dieting and exercise program lost that much weight. The prospect of such surgery on a teen should give pause to parents and doctors. But let’s remember that this is envisioned as a last resort for teens who are 100 pounds or more overweight. Before they’re cleared for surgery, kids would have to show they diligently tried other weight loss methods. That they could stabilize their weight in preparation for surgery. And that they’re ready to follow through with psychological counseling and other after-surgery programs. Parents and kids need to know: There is no quick, pain-free way around diet and exercise as a weight control. Pills, gastric surgery and other shortcuts may help some for a while. But even surgery likely won’t be effective for long if you don’t change the way you think about food and about controlling portions. Yes, we share concerns that once doctors start ratcheting up the numbers of these surgeries, they won’t stop at the small numbers of extremely overweight teens. But that’s for doctors and parents to monitor. The FDA should allow the band to be marketed for adolescents, to give them a chance at a normal, healthy life. The purpose of surgical treatment is to
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