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布雷顿森林体系崩溃的原因是什么？

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试分析下列各国中哪个国家的跨时生产可能性会偏向于当前消费？哪个会偏向于未来消费？
a．一个像上世纪的阿根廷或加拿大这样的国家，直到最近方才敞开大门，接纳了大规模的移民定居并仍在接收大量移民的流入。
b．一个像19世纪末的英国或今日的美国那样领导世界科技的国家，但随着其他国家的奋力赶超，其领导地位日渐没落。
c．一个发现了大量石油资源且只要极少投资就能开发出来的国家(如沙特阿拉伯)。
d．一个发现了大量石油资源但却需要巨额投资方可开发的国家(如挪威，其石油位于北海海底)。
e．一个像韩国一样已掌握了生产工业产品的技术并正迅速赶上发达国家的国家。
Which of the following countries would you expect to have intertemporal production possibilities biased toward current consumption goods，and which biased toward future consumption goods？
a．A country，like Argentina or Canada in the last century，that has only recently been opened for large-scale settlement and is receiving large inflows of immigrants．
b．A country，like the United Kingdom in the late nineteenth century or the United States today，that leads the world technologically but is seeing that lead eroded as other countries catch up．
e．A country that has discovered large oil reserves that can be exploited with little new investment(like Saudi Arabia)．
d．A country that has discovered large oil reserves that can be exploited only with massive investment(like Norway，whose oil lies under the North Sea)．
e．A country like South Korea that has discovered the knack of producing industrial goods and is rapidly gaining on advanced countries．

下列各项哪个是外国直接投资，哪个不是？
a．一个沙特阿拉伯的商人购买了1000万美元的IBM公司股票。
b．上述商人又购买了一套位于纽约的公寓。
c．一家法国公司兼并了一家美国公司，原美国公司的股东把股票换成法国公司的股票。
d．一家意大利公司在俄罗斯建立了一家工厂，并作为俄罗斯政府的承包商来管理该工厂。
Which of the following are direct foreign investments，and which are not？
a．A Saudi businessman buys $10 million of IBM stock．
b．The same businessman buys a New York apartment building．
c．A French company merges with an American company：stockholders in the U.S. Company exchange their stock for shares in the French firm．
d．An Italian firm builds a plant in Russia and manages the plant as a contractor to the Russian government．

解释20世纪90年代后期东南亚经济危机的原因。

在布雷顿森林体系下，汇率是如何决定的？为什么说布雷顿森林体系是一种金汇兑本位制？