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简要叙述信息系统项目管理的重要环节

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对内存单元中连续存放的20个ASCII字符进行转换，大写的“A—Z”转换成小写，小写的“a-z”转换成大写，其他字符变为00，结果存放在RESULT开始的内存单元中。部分程序已经在PROG1．ASM中给出，请编写BEGIN到END之间代码。原有数据由过程LOAD从文件INPUT1．DAT中读入SOURCE开始的内存单元中，结果要求从RESULT开始存放，由SAVE保存到OUTPUT1．DAT文件。对程序必须进行汇编，并与10．OBJ连接产生PROG1．EXE执行文件，最终产生运行结果(无结果或结果不正确均不得分)。部分源程序如下： EXTRN LOAD:FAR，SAVE:FAR N EQU 20 STAC SEGMENT STACK DB 128DUP() STAC ENDS DATA SEGMENT SOURCE DB N DUP() RESULT DB N DUP(0) NAME0 DB ’INPUT1．DAT’， 0 NAME1 DB ’OUTPUT1．DAT’， 0 DATA ENDS CODE SEGMENT ASSUME CS：CODE，DS：DATA，SS：STAC START PROC FAR PUSH DS XOR AX，AX PUSH AX MOV AX，DATA MOV DS，AX MOV ES，AX LEA DX，SOURCE ；数据区起始地址 LEA SI，NAMED ；原始数据文件名 MOV CX，N ；字节数 CALL LOAD ；从"INPUT1．DAT"中读取数据 **BEGIN *END*** LEA DX，RESULT ；结果数据区首地址 LEA SI，NAME1 ；结果文件名 MOV CX，N ；结果字节数 CALL SAVE ；保存结果到文件 RET START ENDP CODE ENDS END START 相关知识： ●定义符号伪指令指令功能：给一个表达式分配一个符号名或给一个符号分配一个值。指令格式：(i)符号EQU表达式(不允许符号重定义) (ii)符号=表达式(允许符号重定义) ●数据定义伪指令指令格式： (i)[名字]DB操作数1[，操作数2[，．．．]](为每个操作数分配1个字节的空间) (ii)[名字]DW操作数1[，操作数2[，．．．]](为每个操作数分配2个字节的空间) (iii)[名字]DD操作数1[，操作数2[，．．．]](为每个操作数分配4个字节的空间) (iv)[名字]DQ操作数1[，操作数2[，．．．]](为每个操作数分配8个字节的空间) (v)[名字]DT操作数1[，操作数2[，．．．]](为每个操作数分配10个字节的空间) ●段定义伪指令指令格式：段名 SEGMENT [定位方式] [联系方式] [’类别’) 使用段定义伪指令可以将程序和有关的数据信息定义在相应的段中。 ●循环的实现通过设置计数器初值，在完成一组操作后，修改计数器中的值，重新执行操作直到计数器中的值为0。例如：MOV CX，N LI： ┆ LOOP L1(短标号地址) 或：DEC CX JNZ L1(短标号地址) 注意：本书学习要点讲过的内容，本章节不予赘述。 ●字符的ASCII码十六进制数“0”～“F”是连续的，它们的ASCII码不是连续的，但仍然有规律可循，“0”～“9”的ASCII码为30H～39H，“A”～“F”的ASCII码为41H～46H，“A”～“Z”的ASCII是从41H开始连续的，“a”～“z”的ASCII是从61H开始连续的。编程方法：第一步：分析程序要求的功能。本程序要求完成以下功能： (1)从数据文件INPUT1．DAT中读取20个8位无符号整数存放在SOURCE开始的内存单元中。 (2)将SOURCE开始的20个ASCII码进行判断，处理，并将结果存放在RESULT开始的内存单元中。 (3)将处理结果存放在0UWUT1．DAT文件第二步：用相应的汇编程序来实现其功能。 (1)数据的读取和存入文件部分的实现，题目中已经给出。 (2)大小写判断转换处理，我们可根据英文大写字母“A～Z”和小写字母“a～z”的 ASCII码是连续的，并且同字母的大小写的ASCII码相差20H，可以直接在其ASCII码上加减20H进行大小写的转换。处理过程就是，从数组中取来一个元素，先判断它是否是大写，若为大写，则直接减 20H变为小写；否则判断它是否为小写，若为小写，直接减20H变为大写；若大小写均不是，就赋值为0。重复操作所有的元素。

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For months the Japanese searched fitfully for the right word to describe what was happening. At the Bank of Japan, the nation’s central bank, officials spoke of "an adjustment phase." Prime Minister admitted only to "a difficult situation." The Economic Planning Agency, the government’s record keeper, referred delicately to a "retreat." Then two weeks ago, for the first time since 1997, the agency dropped its boilerplate reference to the "expansion, from its closely watched Monthly Economic Report, and the word game was over. Japan’s economy, the world’s second largest, conceded the experts, was in recession. That admission confirmed the had news businessmen had been reading in their spreadsheets for several months. "In 2001 one market after another turned bad," says Yoshihiko Wakamoto, senior vice president of Toshiba Corp. , which now admits that its pretax profits for fiscal 2001, ending March 31, may be down a whopping 42%. In April, when many Japanese companies announce their results for 2001 fiscal Year, most will report declining profits. Blue chips like Sony, NEC and Matsushita have all experienced drops of over 40% in pretax profits. Japan’s security houses, hit by declining commissions from a falling stock market, will announce even more dramatic drops. Nomura Securities, once Japan’s most profitable company, is talking about an 80% decline in profits. Auto manufacturers, banks, airlines, steel companies, department stores —all are in a slump. Technically, what is happening to the Japanese economy does not meet American criteria for a recession, normally defined as at least two consecutive quarters of negative growth. While economic growth has slowed in Japan, it has not ceased. Government economists are predicting a 3.5% increase in GNP for 2002. Outside experts are not so optimistic. But nearly everyone agrees that GNP growth in Japan is unlikely to slip into negative numbers, as it did last year in the U. S. and Britain. "There’s no question that we are in a recession," pronounces Kunio Miyamoto, chief economist of the Sumitomo-Life Research Institute. "But it is a recession, Japanese-style." During the last half of the 1990s, Japanese companies based much of their expansion around the world on the wildly inflated values of the Tokyo Stock Exchange and Japan’s frenzied real estate market. Now both those markets have collapsed. And with long-term interest rates up from 5% to 7%, Japanese companies are less able to sell vast quantities of high-quality goods at razor-thin profit margins. Added to this are pressures from shareholders for a greater return on investments, from Japan’s trading partners for restraints on its aggressive trade practices, and from its own citizens for a reduction in their working hours so they can enjoy the fruits of 40 years of relentless toil. We learn from the text that Japanese definition of what was happening in Japan is

A. skeptical.
B. inflexible.
C. delicate.
D. changeable.

Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

A. John mistook a test.
B. John didn’t behave well in school.
C. John was in poor physical condition.
D. John was an honest student.