题目内容
小安，男，26岁，大学三年级时因精神疾病退学。退学后，小安在精神卫生中心接受了4周治疗后出院。小安的母亲提前退休后全身心地照顾他，但是小安的某些社会机能仍在慢慢退化。朋友和同学开始疏远他，有些居民也因偏见而对他指指点点，这让原本就内向的小安备受情绪困扰，更加沉默寡言，越来越没有自信，整天不想出门。小安因为服药有副作用而偷偷藏药和减药，社区也没有相应的康复机构。没多久，小安的精神疾病再次发作。小安在3年内多次出入精神卫生中心，无奈之下，父母将其送入精神病院。 1年后，小安的病情稳定，经诊断可以出院。他想回家，想接触社会、交朋友，想学点技能从事些简单的工作。父母为了让他更好地康复，准备搬到一个环境幽静、能提供康复和职业训练的社区居住。 自从小安患病以来，父母一直觉得压力很大、很焦虑，对照料好小安既没有信心也不懂技巧，非常希望有专业人士提供帮助。医院的社会工作者准备为小安出院回归社区提供服务，并联络了社区中的社会工作者。 [问题] 整合小安及家人的需要，基于医务社会工作的思路，写出“出院计划”的内容。
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近日，某街道在一次拆除违章建筑行动中，点火烧掉了所属辖区的一处近千平方米的外来人口违章建筑，对此举措众说纷纭。 街道一位负责人声称，之所以采取火烧的方式是因为“那样拆得比较干净彻底，而且道路狭窄，车开不进去，很难把违章建筑的材料卸下后运出去”，是符合程序规范的；而居民以及一些过路人则表示“完全不是那回事儿”，操作手段很野蛮，根本没顾及居民利益。对于房屋被烧后居住者们的安置问题，街道负责人张某表示，居住者属于流动人口，户口并没有落在街道，所以虽然当时已留下了联系方式，但街道并没有义务去负责他们的生活起居。 另外，最大的争议出现在执法者身份的确认上，多名居住者表示，他们只知道请拆队是由街道派来的，但他们追问哪位是队里领导，想要个说法时，执法者中却无人出面，有些人甚至拿不出合法的身份证明。 [问题] 针对上述分析，设计一份社会工作者服务方案。
Adventures in Foreign Languages It could reasonably be argued that, for those of us who live in the USA and speak English as our native tongue, there is very little motivation to learn a foreign language. We can travel for thousands of miles and still be surrounded by native English speakers. We can easily spend our entire lives without having any real need to speak another language. It is even possible to comfortably visit many tourist destinations around the globe, speaking only English. Clearly, learning a foreign language is a non-essential skill in our society. Benefits in learning a foreign language Nevertheless, learning a foreign language offers several possible benefits. Some of the commonly stated benefits are: ●Fosters a feeling of international community, by promoting an awareness of other cultures and countries. ●Enriches our understanding of our own language, by bringing grammatical structures and word roots into sharper focus. This may be especially true when studying languages that share linguistic elements with English. ●The study of linguistics, and learning to think and speak in another language, offers its own intrinsic pleasures and rewards. Language can be fun. ●Opens up the possibilities of reading non-English literature. ●Expands global travel opportunities.Linguistic adventure I think these are good reasons, so I wanted to provide my children with some exposure to foreign languages. But what language should I teach What language am I qualified to teach I took four years of French in high school (and got straight A’’s), but I never reached any real level of fluency, and I have retained very little of the small amount of French I once knew. Is there any language that I could realistically learn/teach alongside my children I’’d like to tell you about our linguistic adventures, and where we ended up. After a bit of research, I settled on Spanish for our first foray into foreign languages. But how should I teach it, given that I don’’t know Spanish myself I know of one family who hired a full-time Spanish nanny to communicate to the children only in Spanish. It worked very effectively for them, but this was not an option for my family. Another option would be to take my children once a week to a private instructor. Many families find this to be the most practical way to learn a foreign language. Yet I have also heard many families complain that their children have learned surprisingly little from such classes. Perhaps they have learned a bit of vocabulary (colors, parts of the body, numbers, etc.), but they are still unable to express themselves in the second language, or construct any sentences beyond a few drilled-in, rehearsed phrases.Deciding on Esperanto So I went back to the drawing board and did some more web research, looking for a language or method that would allow us to discover some of the joy that can come from learning a foreign language. By sheer luck, I stumbled across a little-known language, and within just a few hours of reading about it, I knew it was exactly what I was looking for! The language was Esperanto. When I tell people that we’’re learning Esperanto, I usually get some strange looks. But that’’s okay. When I tell people we home school, I often get strange looks as well; I’’m used to doing things that are outside of the mainstream. And as with home schooling, it can be very difficult to sum up in a couple of sentences all the reasons why it’’s so worth while, particularly to someone who may already have preconceptions to the contrary.Why is Esperanto unique So for those of you who know very little about Esperanto, I hope you’’ll indulge me for a moment. I would like to explain some of the features that make it such a unique language, and elaborate on why I think it is such a wonderful pedagogical tool for exploring foreign languages. Esperanto was invented in 1887 by L. L. Zamenhof, a Polish physician. Invented Yes, that’’s right, Esperanto was invented. Zamenhof’’s vision was that Esperanto would become the world’’s second tongue, breaking down language barriers in Europe and throughout the world. Obviously, Esperanto has not (yet) become the world’’s common language, so in this respect, Esperanto did not live up to the dream of its creator. Because of this, many people, if they have even heard of Esperanto at all, are only vaguely aware of it as some sort of "failed" experiment in creating a common language. Nevertheless, the reality is that Esperanto has flourished, and only 120 years after it’’s conception, is now studied and spoken by people all over the globe. It lives and evolves just like other languages, and it can be used to express all facets of human thought and emotion. Yet a majority of these Esperanto speakers learned the language through self-directed study or correspondence courses! Although all languages require effort to learn, Esperanto is astonishingly simple when compared to a native language. The key to its simplicity is its consistency and regularity. For example, each letter has exactly one phonetic sound, no exceptions. Each word has the accent on the second-to-last syllable, no exceptions. All words ending in "o" are nouns. All words ending in "a" are adjectives. All words ending in "e" are adverbs. Unlike many foreign languages, inanimate nouns are not categorized as "masculine" or "feminine". Verb conjugation is very straightforward, and there are no irregular verbs. Another key facet of Esperanto is that it has a powerful system of word building, making it easy to form new words out of roots and affixes you already know. Since a large part of learning a language involves accumulating vocabulary, this word-building system means that in Esperanto you need to learn only, say, a tenth as many word roots to ex press the same number of concepts as you would in another language.But simplicity is not reason enough to learn a language. So let’’s take a look at how Esperanto measures up in achieving the benefits of a foreign language program. Looking back at the list from the beginning of the article, let’’s consider those issues point by point.Esperanto is an international language Belonging to no particular country, Esperanto is truly an international language. Within two months of beginning Esperanto, my kids were exchanging postcards in Esperanto with children from Russia, France, Sweden, Poland, and Uzbekistan. I am delighted that they have had this opportunity to feel connected to people from all over the globe. My children don’’t expect everyone to learn English; nor do they expect to learn every other language. But they are eager to communicate with anyone willing to meet them halfway. Most of the Esperanto word roots are derived from Latin. This means that you can en joy very similar English vocabulary-building benefits by learning Esperanto, with a small fraction of the effort. Furthermore, Esperanto uses grammar-coded word endings to make the parts of speech and grammatical structure of each sentence exceptionally clear. Since Esperanto is only a century old, there is not a huge body of Esperanto-only literature. Nevertheless, there are over a hundred original Esperanto novels and collections of poetry, as well as many outstanding translations of works from other countries. Esperanto magazines report current events from the perspectives of people all over the world. By learning Esperanto, you become part of an international "club" of people genuinely interested in meeting and communicating with people from other lands. There are lists you can obtain of Esperantists from countries around the world, eager to host visitors, and give them an insider’’s look at their culture and community. I know several Esperantists who have used these lists to travel the world inexpensively, making new friends, and seeing the world in a decidedly non-touristy way. I can hear some of you thinking, "It sounds interesting, but 1 really, really want my kids to learn Spanish (or French, or Japanese, or whatever). We don’’t have time to spend on Esperanto." Amazingly, study after study has shown that learning Esperanto has no cost! For example, in one study, a control group of high school students took four years of French, while the experimental group took one year of Esperanto followed by three years of French. At the end of high school, the experimental group had greater fluency in French! In other words, the benefits they gained from studying Esperanto more than offset the time lost from studying another language. Esperanto can be considered as a neutral language because it belongs to ________.
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