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[背景材料] 2011年3月12日,某造纸厂发生一起因工人严重违反操作规程和缺乏救助常识而导致10人中毒,其中4人死亡的重大伤害事故。 事故当日,该厂工人于早上7时停机,经过往浆渣池中灌水、排水的工序后,8时左右有2名工人下池清扫浆渣池,当即晕倒在池中。在场工人在没有通知厂领导的情况下,擅自下池救人,先后有6人因救人相继晕倒在池中,另有2人在救人过程中突感不适被人救出。至此,已有10人中毒。厂领导赶到后,立即组织抢救,经往池中灌氧、用风扇往池中送风后,方将中毒者全部用绳子拉出池来。由于本次中毒发生快,中毒深,病情严重,10例病人在送往医院后,已有6例心跳和呼吸停止,虽经多方努力抢救,至13日下午4时20分,已有4人死亡。 事故原因调查与分析: (1)中毒现场有害气体的测试及中毒化学物质的鉴定。浆渣池外形似一倒扣的半球状体,顶部有一个40cm×60cm洞口,工人利用竹梯从洞口进出清洗浆渣池。走近洞口,就闻到一股较浓的臭味,事故发生后,在洞口处用快速检测管对洞口内10cm处的气体进行检测:硫化氢(H2S)55mg/m3(国家卫生标准为10mg/m3),一氧化碳、氯气和氯化氢未检出,可以推断,在实行向池中通风、送氧之前,其浓度一定更高。根据中毒病人的发病及临床特征,将本次中毒诊断为急性重度硫化氢中毒。 (2)浆池硫化氢产生的原因。造纸的过程中,使用大量的含硫化学物质,通常的情况下,由硫化氢引起的职业危害多发生在蒸煮、制浆和洗涤漂白过程中。如果含硫的废渣、废水长时间存放在浆渣池中,再加上含硫有机物的腐败,就会释放出大量的硫化氢气体,由于密度较大(1.19kg/m3)而沉积于浆池的底部。 (3)工人严重违反操作规程。硫化氢是剧毒的窒息性气体,在没有良好通风和个人防护的情况下,是绝对不能进入高浓度硫化氢环境工作的。但本次清洗浆渣池前,水仅灌注了四分之一,且工人在没对池内进行通风处理的情况下就下池清洗,随后一连串的救人更是在没有任何通风和防护的情况下进行的。 (4)缺乏安全及应急措施。现场调查发现用于鼓风的排污口处却没有鼓风机,连电源插座都找不到;清洗浆渣池的工人没有任何的个人防护用具,如防毒面具,甚至连一根救助的绳子都没有,更没有发生事故时的抢救设备。 (5)缺乏劳动安全卫生意识、管理混乱。事故发生后,当我们要求厂方提供有关安全规章制度时,厂方虽说有,但无论如何却找不到,不知放到哪里。如果厂里有安全监督员,并负责对整个安全程序进行监督,便能做到及早发现、及早预防,这起事故就完全可以避免了。 (6)缺乏必要的防毒急救安全知识教育。本次中毒的10位工人,在该厂工作1~5年,却从未进行过有关的安全卫生培训和教育,不知道制浆过程中存在哪些对人体有害的化学物质、对人体能造成哪些伤害。也不知预防措施,更不知发生紧急情况如何救治。 根据以上场景,回答下列问题: 指出硫化氢的检测方法

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(77) Heredity (遗传) is not the only thing that influences our color. Where we live and how we live after we are born are important too. For instance, our genes influence how fat or thin we are. But our weight depends mainly upon how much we eat and how much exercise we get. In the same way, our skin color depends to a large extent upon how much sunshine we get.When summer arrives and light-colored people go to the beaches, some will tan dark-ly, some will tan lightly and few will not tan at all. Each one has inherited a different abili-ty to tan, but the differences do not appear until the conditions are right. An outdoor man will soon become pale if he changes to an indoor job, while a desk clerk will take on tan after a short vacation in the sun.Sometimes people decide that being tanned is better than being pale. Sometimes they decide the opposite.Centuries ago, most of the people in Europe were peasants and they had to work in the fields all day. Noblemen, on the other hand, did not have to work. They stayed indoors and remained pale. You could always tell a nobleman from a peasant because a peasant had a tan. As a result, a skin so pale that veins (血管) were showed was considered a mark of great beauty.During the Industrial Revolution things changed. Farmers left their fields and went to work in factories, minesand mills. Working for long hours in dimly-lit factories and mines made theirskins pale. (78) Wealthy people, however, could afford to travel to sunny countries. They had the leisure to lie around on the beaches and get tan. Having a tan became a sign of wealth.In Western Europe and North America pale skin is no longer desirable. Instead of bleaching themselves white with lemon juice, many women spend their time under a sun-lamp. The desire for a quick tan has led to the invention of pills and lotions (涂剂) that darken the skin artificially without exposure to sunlight. These pills and lotions can be bought by anyone at any drugstore. A rich man can spend hundreds of dollars on a vacation in the sunny West Indies and get his suntan there. But his lowest-paid clerk can have what looks like the same tan out of a bottle for a few cents. During the Industrial Revolution people began to like to have a tan because it was a sign of ______.

A. good health
B. great strength
C. wealth
D. youth

A couple of months ago, I went to a department store to buy a few things for the house. I needed a set of curtains for the living room, two table lamps, a mg and several (36) . I asked them to (37) the things as soon as possible, but they said that they were unable to send them out until 20 days later. After about 3 weeks, I received only the curtains and lamps. I was a little disappointed when I didn’t receive all the (38) I had bought. But nevertheless, I was eager to see what the curtains and lamps looked like. I first opened the (39) with the curtains. I had bought a lovely (40) blue, and instead they had sent me a horrible dark (41) Well, you can just (42) how angry I was. Then I opened the boxes with the lamps. They were exactly what I’d (43) . But one of the lamp shapes was damaged. (44) They promised to come and (45) . It has been two weeks since my complaint. (46)

(77) Heredity (遗传) is not the only thing that influences our color. Where we live and how we live after we are born are important too. For instance, our genes influence how fat or thin we are. But our weight depends mainly upon how much we eat and how much exercise we get. In the same way, our skin color depends to a large extent upon how much sunshine we get.When summer arrives and light-colored people go to the beaches, some will tan dark-ly, some will tan lightly and few will not tan at all. Each one has inherited a different abili-ty to tan, but the differences do not appear until the conditions are right. An outdoor man will soon become pale if he changes to an indoor job, while a desk clerk will take on tan after a short vacation in the sun.Sometimes people decide that being tanned is better than being pale. Sometimes they decide the opposite.Centuries ago, most of the people in Europe were peasants and they had to work in the fields all day. Noblemen, on the other hand, did not have to work. They stayed indoors and remained pale. You could always tell a nobleman from a peasant because a peasant had a tan. As a result, a skin so pale that veins (血管) were showed was considered a mark of great beauty.During the Industrial Revolution things changed. Farmers left their fields and went to work in factories, minesand mills. Working for long hours in dimly-lit factories and mines made theirskins pale. (78) Wealthy people, however, could afford to travel to sunny countries. They had the leisure to lie around on the beaches and get tan. Having a tan became a sign of wealth.In Western Europe and North America pale skin is no longer desirable. Instead of bleaching themselves white with lemon juice, many women spend their time under a sun-lamp. The desire for a quick tan has led to the invention of pills and lotions (涂剂) that darken the skin artificially without exposure to sunlight. These pills and lotions can be bought by anyone at any drugstore. A rich man can spend hundreds of dollars on a vacation in the sunny West Indies and get his suntan there. But his lowest-paid clerk can have what looks like the same tan out of a bottle for a few cents. Centuries ago in Europe, it was considered of great beauty to have ______.

A. pale skin
B. light-colored skin
C. dark-colored skin
D. a suntan

We had not suffered much from the war there,though like most children of my age,I was used to seeing bombed houses in the streets and the enormous army lorries pass-ing through.

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