题目内容
Public speaking fills most people with dread. Humiliation is the greatest fear~ self-exposure and failing to appeal to the audience come a close second. Women hate it most, since girls are pressurized from an early age to be concerned with appearances of all kinds. Most people have plenty of insecurities, and this seems like a situation that will bring them out. If you were under pressure to be perfect, you are terrified of falling in the most public of ways. While extroverts will feel less fear before the ordeal, it does not mean they will necessarily do it better. Some very shy people manage to shine. When I met the British comedian Julian Clary, he was shy and cautious, yet his TV performances are perfect. In fact, personality is not the best predictor of who does it well. Regardless of what you are like in real life, the key seems to be to act yourself. Actual acting, as in performing the scripted lines of a character other than yourself, does not do the job. While politicians may limit damage by having carefully rehearsed, written scripts to speak from, there is always a hidden awareness among the audience that the words might not be true. Likewise, the incredibly perfect speeches of many American academics are far from natural. You may end up buying their book on the way out, but soon afterwards, it is much like fast food, and you get a nameless sense that you’ve been cheated. Although, as Earl Spencer proved at his sister Princess Diana’s funeral, it is possible both to prepare every word and to act naturally. A script rarely works and it is used to help most speakers. But, being yourself doesn’t work either. If you spoke as if you were in your own kitchen, it would be too authentic, too unaware of the need to communicate with an audience. I remember going to see British psychiatrist R. D. Laing speak in public. He behaved like a seriously odd person, talking off the top of his head. Although he was talking about madness and he wrote on mental illness, he seemed to be exhibiting rather than explaining it. The best psychological place from which to speak is an unself-conscious self-consciousness, providing the illusion of being natural. Studies suggest that this state of "flow", as psychologists call it, is very satisfying. What is the author’s view on personality
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Nelson Mandela was still in jail when the first street was named 62 him. By the time he retired as President of South Africa, hundreds of streets, squares and schools 63 his name, as did many more pop songs, books and movies. 64 , Mandela is an inspiring figure of the world. But what about 65 books that bear Mandela’s name 66 charities that use his name to 67 their profile As his legend has grown ever larger, Mandela has been faced with all of these situations. Increasingly, however, Mandela’s handlers are fighting back. Mandela, who will be 91 this year, 68 . appears in public and increasingly relies on the managers of his foundation to manage his affairs. Now they’re facing with a tricky issue: 69 what point does a very famous man become a private brand And is it possible to copyright history So far, the foundation has tackled these difficult questions by trying to stop those who would 70 Mandela’s name for 71 or political gain either in ways they don’t like 72 in ways they are able to prevent. In August, the foundation 73 out a code of conduct 74 the commercialization of Mandela’s name or 75 by his four official charities and asked the other 44 charities 76 which Mandela is a patron to sign 77 as well. Other charitable causes must get the foundation’s 78 before using Mandela’s name. In the business of protecting 79 , however, the choice of whether to block or 80 a project is often subjective or a matter of taste, and therefore brings 81 criticism.
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No woman can be too rich or too thin. This saying often attributed to the late Duchess (公爵夫人) of Windsor embodies much of the odd spirit of our times. Being thin is deemed as such a virtue. The problem with such a view is that some people actually attempt to live by it. I myself have fantasies of slipping into narrow designer clothes. Consequently I have been on a diet for the better—or worse—part of my life. Being rich wouldn’t be bad either but that won’t happen unless an unknown relative dies suddenly in some distant land leaving me millions of dollars. Where did we go off the track When did eating butter become a sin and a little bit of extra flesh unappealing if not repellent All religions have certain days when people refrain from eating and excessive eating is one of Christianity’s seven deadly sins. However until quite recently most people had a problem getting enough to eat. In some religious groups, wealth was symbol of probable salvation and high morals and fatness a sign of wealth and well-being. Today the opposite is true. We have shifted to thinness as our new mark of virtue. The result is that being fat—or even only somewhat overweight—is bad because it implies a lack of moral strength. Our obsession (迷恋) with thinness is also fuelled by health concerns. It is true that in this country we have more overweight people than ever before and that in many cases being overweight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. These diseases however may have as much to do with our way of life an dour high-fat diets as with excess weight. And the associated risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more of a dietary problem—too much fat and a lack of fiber-than a weight problem. The real concern then is not that we weight too much but that we neither exercise enough nor eat well. Exercise is necessary for strong bones and both heart and lung health. A balance diet without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases. We should surely stop paying so much attention to weight. Simply being thin is not enough It is actually hazardous if those who get or already are thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall life-style. Thinness can be pure vainglory (虚荣). In human history people’s views on weight ______.
Nelson Mandela was still in jail when the first street was named 62 him. By the time he retired as President of South Africa, hundreds of streets, squares and schools 63 his name, as did many more pop songs, books and movies. 64 , Mandela is an inspiring figure of the world. But what about 65 books that bear Mandela’s name 66 charities that use his name to 67 their profile As his legend has grown ever larger, Mandela has been faced with all of these situations. Increasingly, however, Mandela’s handlers are fighting back. Mandela, who will be 91 this year, 68 . appears in public and increasingly relies on the managers of his foundation to manage his affairs. Now they’re facing with a tricky issue: 69 what point does a very famous man become a private brand And is it possible to copyright history So far, the foundation has tackled these difficult questions by trying to stop those who would 70 Mandela’s name for 71 or political gain either in ways they don’t like 72 in ways they are able to prevent. In August, the foundation 73 out a code of conduct 74 the commercialization of Mandela’s name or 75 by his four official charities and asked the other 44 charities 76 which Mandela is a patron to sign 77 as well. Other charitable causes must get the foundation’s 78 before using Mandela’s name. In the business of protecting 79 , however, the choice of whether to block or 80 a project is often subjective or a matter of taste, and therefore brings 81 criticism.
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