题目内容

Which are the stages of cell signaling in the correct order?

A. reception > transduction > response
B. transduction > response > signal
C. differentiation > expression > transduction
D. reception > expression > phosphorylation

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Quorum sensing is triggered to begin when

A. treatment with antibiotics occurs.
B. bacteria release growth hormones.
C. bacterial protein expression is switched on.
D. a sufficient number of bacteria are present.

Which is an example of paracrine signaling?

A. lipid base signaling
B. signal for apoptosis
C. epinephrine released by adrenal glands
D. neurotransmitters released across a synapse

Proteins consist of polypeptides folded in a specific formation. Amino acids are the monomers of proteins. The organic molecules of amino acids have both carboxyl and amino groups. The center carbon is known as the alpha carbon. Four different components attach to the alpha carbon including the R group. The different R groups make up the 20 different amino acids. The physical and chemical properties of each different R group give the unique characteristics of the particular protein. All of the following molecules below contain animo acids except...

A. enzymes.
B. antibodies.
C. keratin.
D. steriods.

Monomers are small units that when bonded together they form polymers. Which of these substances are made up of repeating units of these molecules?

A. starch and cellulose
B. hemoglobin and amylase
C. fatty acids and waxes
D. polypeptides and nucleic acids

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