A 27-year-old man is on a scuba diving trip to the Caribbean and descends to a depth of 50 m in the Blue Hole off the coast of Belize. After 30 minutes, he has a malfunction in his equipment and quickly returns to the boat on the surface. He soon experiences difficulty breathing, with dyspnea and substernal chest pain, followed by a severe headache and vertigo. About 1 hour later, he develops severe, painful myalgias and arthralgias. These symptoms abate within 24 hours. Which of the following mechanisms is the most likely cause of these symptoms_ _
A. Disseminated intravascular coagulation
B. Systemic vasodilation
C. Venous thrombosis
D. Tissue nitrogen emboli
E. Fat globules in arterioles
查看答案
A 39-year-old woman comes to the physician because she has noticed a lump in her breast. Over the past 2 months, the left breast has become slightly enlarged compared with the right breast. On physical examination, the skin overlying the left breast is thickened, reddish-orange, and pitted. Mammography shows a 3-cm underlying density, and a fine-needle aspirate of the density indicates carcinoma. Which of the following mechanisms best explains the gross appearance of the left breast _ _
A. Venous thrombosis
B. Lymphatic obstruction
C. Ischemia
D. Chronic passive congestion
E. Chronic inflammation
A 73-year-old man was diagnosed l year ago with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. He now sees his physician because of a transient ischemic attack. On auscultation of the chest, a heart murmur is heard. Echocardiography shows a l-cm nodular lesion on the superior aspect of the anterior mitral valve leaflet. The valve leaflet appears to be intact. The blood culture is negative. Which of the following terms best describes this mitral valve lesion _ _
Adenocarcinoma
B. Atheroma
Chronic passive congestion
D. Mural thrombus
E. Vegetation
A 21-year-old woman sustains multiple injuries, including fractures of the right femur and tibia and the left humerus, in a motor vehicle collision. She is admitted to the hospital, and the fractures are stabilized surgically. Soon after admission to the hospital, she is in stable condition. However, 2 days later, she suddenly becomes severely dyspneic. Which of the following complications is the most likely cause of this sudden respiratory difficulty_ _
A. Right hemothorax
B. Pulmonary edema
C. Fat embolism
D. Cardiac tamponade
E. Pulmonary infarction
For the past week, a 61-year-old man has had increasing levels of serum AST and ALT. On physical examination, he has lower leg swelling with grade 2+ pitting edema to the knees and prominent jugular venous distention to the level of the mandible. Based on the gross appearance of the liver, seen in the figure, which of the following underlying conditions is most likely to be present _ _
A. Thrombocytopenia
B. Portal vein thrombosis
Chronic renal failure
D. Common bile duct obstruction
E. Congestive heart failure