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Recent surveys show that Japanese youth have become a "Me Generation" that rejects traditional values."Around 1980 many Japanese, (31) young people abandoned the values of economic success and began (32) for new sets of values to (33) them happiness, " writes sociologist Yasuhiro in Comparative Civilizations Review. Japanese youth are placing more importance on the individual’s pursuit of (34) and less on the values of work, family, and society.Japanese students seem to be losing patience with work, (35) their counterparts in the United States and Korea. In a 1993 (36) of college students in the three countries, only 10% of the Japanese regarded (37) as a primary value compared with 47% of Korean students and 27% of American students. A greater (38) of Japanese aged 18-24 also preferred easy jobs (39) heavy responsibility.The younger Japanese are showing less concern for family values as they pursue an inner world of private satisfaction. Data collected (40) the Japanese government in 1993 shows that only 23% of Japanese youth are thinking about supporting their aged parents, in contrast (41) 63% of young Americans, It appears that many younger-generation Japanese are (42) both respect for their parents (43) a sense of responsibility to the family. Author Yoshizaki attributes the change (44) Japanese parents’ over-indulgence of their children, material affluence, and growing (45) for private matters.The shift (46) individualism among Japanese is most pronounced among (47) very young. According to 1991 data (48) the Bunka Center of Japan, 50% of Japanese youth aged 16-19 can be labeled "self-centered" compared with 33% among (49) aged 25-29. To earn the self-centered label, the young people responded positively to (50) ideas as "I would like to make decisions without considering traditional values" and "I don’t want to do anything I can’t enjoy doing. \ 31().
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The diets of the people in the three regions are totally different.
Questions 14～16 are based on the following conversation. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14～16.M: Did you hear about the air crash that occurred in South America recently It was quite a tragic accident!W: No, I didn’t see anything in the news about it. What happenedM: A foreign airliner was attempting to land at night in a mountainous area in Argentina and flew into a hill!W: That sounds really terrible! Did anyone surviveM: No, everyone aboard, including the crew, was killed instantly.W: What were the circumstances Were they bad weather, a fire, or engine failureM: Apparently, there were some low clouds in the area, but mostly it was just miscommunication between the pilots and the air traffic controllers.W: Weren’t they both speaking in English, the official international aviation languageM: Yes they were, but the transition from poor quality radios was slightly distorted and the accents of the Spanish speaking controllers was so strong that the pilots misunderstood a vital instruction.W: How could a misunderstanding like that cause such a serious accidentM: The pilots were told to descend to 22,000 feet. The instruction actually meant 22,000 feet, but they thought they heard descend 2,000 feet. That’s a huge difference, and it should have been confirmed, but it was not. Unfortunately, the terrain of the mountains in Norweija ascend to 2,000 feet.W: So the pilots did descend to the wrong altitude then, because they were following the air controller’s instructions.M: Sadly enough, yes they did. It was a really bad mistake. Many people died as a result of the simply misunderstanding.W: Wow, that’s a powerful lesson on how important it can be to accurately communicate with each other. How high are the mountains in Norweija().
Not long ago, a mysterious Christmas card dropped through our mail slot. The envelope was addressed to a man named Raoul, who, I was relatively certain, did not live with us. The envelope wasn’t sealed, so I opened it. The inside of the card was blank. Ed, my husband, explained that the card was both from and to the newspaper deliveryman. His name was apparently Raoul, and Raoul wanted a holiday tip. We were meant to put a check inside the card and then drop the envelope in the mail. When your services are rendered at 4 a.m. , you can’t simply hang around, like a hotel bellboy expecting a tip. You have to be direct.So I wrote a nice holiday greeting to this man who, in my imagination, fires The New York Times from his bike aimed at our front door, causing more noise with mere newsprint than most people manage with sophisticated black market fireworks.With a start, I realized that perhaps the reason for the 4 a.m.—wake-up noise was not ordinary rudeness but carefully executed spite: I had not tipped Raoul in Christmases past. I honestly hadn’t realized I was supposed to. This was the first time he’d used the card tactic. So I got out my checkbook. Somewhere along the line, holiday tipping went from an optional thank-you for a year of services to a Mafia-style protection racket (收取保护费的黑社会组织).Several days later, I was bringing our garbage bins back from the curb when I noticed an envelope taped to one of the lids. The outside of the envelope said MICKEY. It had to be another tip request, this time from our garbage collector. Unlike Raoul, Mickey hadn’t enclosed his own Christmas card from me. In a way, I appreciated the directness. "I know you don’t care how merry my Christmas is, and that’s fine, " the gesture said. "I want $30, or I’ll ’forget’to empty your garbage bin some hot summer day. "I put a check in the envelope and taped it back to the bin. The next morning, Ed noticed that the envelope was gone, though the trash hadn’t yet been picked up: "Someone stole Mickey’s tip! " Ed was quite certain. He made me call the bank and cancel the check.But Ed had been wrong. Two weeks later, Mickey left a letter from the bank on our steps. The letter informed Mickey that the check, which he had tried to cash, had been cancelled. The following Tuesday morning, when Ed saw a truck outside, he ran out with his wallet. "Are you Mickey"The man looked at him with scorn. "Mickey is the garbageman. I am the recycling. " Not only had Ed insulted this man by hinting that he was a garbageman, but he had obviously neglected to tip him. Ed ran back inside for more funds. Then he noticed that the driver of the truck had been watching the whole transaction. He peeled off another twenty and looked around, waving bills in the air. "Anyone else"Had we consulted the website of the Emily Post Institute, this embarrassing breach of etiquette (礼节) could have been avoided. Under "trash/recycling collectors" in the institute’s Holiday Tipping Guidelines, it says, "$10 to $30 each. " You may or may not wish to know that your pet groomer, hairdresser, mailman and UPS guy all expect a holiday tip. From the passage, we learn that the author ().
Questions 17～20 are based on the following passage. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17～20.Now, let me first give you a brief introduction to the American poet, Emily Dickinson. Emily Dickinson was America’s best-known female poet and one of the foremost authors in American literature. Born in Amherst, Massachusetts, Dickinson was the middle child of a prominent lawyer and one-term United States congressional representative, Edward Dickinson, and his wife, Emily Norcross Dickinson. From 1840 to 1847 she attended the Amherst Academy, and from 1847 to 1848 she studied at the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary (now Mount Holyoke College) in South Hadley, a few trips to Boston for eye treatments in the early 1860s, Dickinson remained in Amherst, living in the same house on Main Street from 1855 until her death. During her lifetime, she published only about 10 of her nearly 2,000 poems, in newspapers, Civil War journals, and a poetry anthology. The first volume of Poems of Emily Dickinson was published in 1890, after Dickinson’s death.Although few of Dickinson’s poems were formally published during her lifetime, she herself "published" by sending out at least one-third of her poems in the more than 1,000 letters she wrote to at least 100 different correspondents. Dickinson’s method of binding about 800 of her poems into 40 manuscript books and distributing several hundred of them in letters is now widely recognized as her particular form of self-publication. She also read her poems aloud to several people, including her cousins Louise and Frances Norcross, over a period of three decades.Well, that’s all about her life. Now shall we concentrate on her famous poem, "Success is Counted Sweetest". How many poems did Dickinson write().
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