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第三篇 Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass In January, 2003, the eastern two-thirds of the United States was at the mercy of a bitterly cold air mass that has endangered Florida’s citrus trees, choked northern harbors with ice and left bewildered residents of North Carolina’s .Outer Banks digging out of up to a foot of snow. The ice chill deepened as temperatures fell to the single digits in most of the South, with an unfamiliar dip below the freezing mark as far south as parts of interior South Florida. Temperatures in Florida plunged, with West Palm Beach dropping to a record low of 2 degrees. "We couldn’t believe how cold it was," smd Martin King, who arrived this week in Orlando from England. "We brought shorts, T-shirt, and I had to go out and buy another coat." The temperature plunge posed a threat to Florida’s US $9.1 billion-a-year citrus crop, more of which is still on the trees. Growers were hurrying to harvest as much of the fruit as possible before it was damaged by cold. "Time is of the essence in getting fruit to the plant," said Tom Rogers, a citrus grower who. expected to see damage to oranges and grapefruit at that time. In Florida, Governor Jeb Bush signed an emergency order to eliminate the weight limit on trucks so citrus growers could get as much fruit to market as possible. Casey Pace, a spokeswoman for Florida Citrus Mutual, said growers had sprayed trees with sprinklers, which created a layer of ice and helped maintain a temperature near freezing. Citrus frees are considered in danger of damage if the temperature drops below minus 2 degrees Celsius for four hours or mote. Snow ranging from a dusting to up to 30 centimeters blanketed the Carolinas, Tennessee and pans of Virginia. Governor Jeb issue the emergency order because he
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下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。第一篇 Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers Young female chimps are faster and better learners than young male chimps, suggests a new study, echoing learning differences seen in human girls and boys While young male chimps pass their time playing, young female chimps carefully study their mothers. AS a result, they learn how to fish for tasty termite snacks over two years before the boys. Elizabeth Lonsdorf, now at Lincoln Park Zoo in .Chicago, US, and colleagues at the University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, spent four years watching how young ’chimpanzees in the Gombe National Park in Tanzania learned "cultural behavior". The sex differences in learning behavior were "consistent and strikingly apparent", says the team. The researchers point out that similar differences are seen in human children with regard to skills such as writing. "A sex-based learning differences may therefore date back at least to the last common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans," they write in the journal Nature. Chimps make flexible tools from vegetation and then insert them into termite mounds, extract them and then munch the termites clinging onto the tool The researchers used video cameras to record this feeding behavior and found that each chimp mother had her own technique, such as how she used tools of different lengths; Analysis of the six infants whose ages were known showed that girl chimps were an average of 31 months old when they succeeded in fishing out their termites, Where the boy chimps were aged 58 months on average. Females were also more skillful at getting out more termites with every dip and used techniques similar to their mothers while males did not. Instead of studying their mothers, the boy chimps spent a significantly greater amount of time frolicking around the termite mound. Behaviors such as playing or swinging might help the male infants later in life when typically male activities like hunting or fighting for dominance become important, suggest the researchers. Lonsdorf adds that there are just two main sources of animal portein for chimps -- the termites or colobus monkeys. "Mature males often hunt monkeys up trees, but females are almost always either pregnant or burdened with a clinging infant. This makes hunting difficult," she says. "Adult females spend more time fishing, for termites than males." So becoming proficient at termite fishing could mean adult females eat better. "They can watch their offspring at the same time. The young of both sexes seem to pursue activities related to their adult sex roles at a very young age." Which of the following is true about chimps fishing for termites according to paragraph 6
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务；(1)第23～26题要求．从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 Compact Disks 1 If someone says to you your music CDs don’t really hold any music on them, and they only have numbers recorded on them, you may not believe it. In fact, he is right in that sound is actually recored onto the CDs as special numbers --a digital code. The code is pressed onto the CD as bumps on a long spiral track almost five kilometers long. These bumps are an average of 0.5 microns wide. 2 A small laser beam shines onto the bumps as the CD turns. The light is reflected back to a receiver that records how the laser light bounces back. This lets the CD player turn the reflected light back into the original code. This means you can hear the original code as music. 3 Digital codes are used with many technologies. E-mail needs these kinds of code numbers. Space probes communicate with their ground station on earth using digital codes. Bar codes are read as digital codes in computer systems. Digital communications with cell phones need digital codes. Weather radios also tune in to specific signals using these codes. 4 There are many types of compact disks. One format is called CD-RWs. They can be’ recorded on and re-recorded on (rewritten on) as you would do with a floppy disk. Another format is the CD-ROM. The technology for recording on these disks is different from other CDs. These CDs have a dye layer that the CD writer can darken or leave clear. The clear and dark spots are the digital code. CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc -- Read Only Memory. This disk is like a "super" floppy disk that can hold lots of information. One CD-ROM can h01d the same amount of data as 500 floppy disks. Information is permanently recorded onto it. Computer games and other programs are considered to be CD-ROMs. 5 CDs were first sold to the public in 1982, These CDs still play. well and sound fine. Current CDs are expected to last between 70 to 200 years. Of course, you can make sure your CDs last a long time by taking care of them. 6 Science keeps on developing. It may not be many more years before a completely new technology is invented and introduced to the public for music recording. In the meantime, there is no doubt you will continue to enjoy listening to your favorite music on CDs and playing your favorite computer games on CD-ROMs, Paragraph 4 ______
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务；(1)第23～26题要求．从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 Compact Disks 1 If someone says to you your music CDs don’t really hold any music on them, and they only have numbers recorded on them, you may not believe it. In fact, he is right in that sound is actually recored onto the CDs as special numbers --a digital code. The code is pressed onto the CD as bumps on a long spiral track almost five kilometers long. These bumps are an average of 0.5 microns wide. 2 A small laser beam shines onto the bumps as the CD turns. The light is reflected back to a receiver that records how the laser light bounces back. This lets the CD player turn the reflected light back into the original code. This means you can hear the original code as music. 3 Digital codes are used with many technologies. E-mail needs these kinds of code numbers. Space probes communicate with their ground station on earth using digital codes. Bar codes are read as digital codes in computer systems. Digital communications with cell phones need digital codes. Weather radios also tune in to specific signals using these codes. 4 There are many types of compact disks. One format is called CD-RWs. They can be’ recorded on and re-recorded on (rewritten on) as you would do with a floppy disk. Another format is the CD-ROM. The technology for recording on these disks is different from other CDs. These CDs have a dye layer that the CD writer can darken or leave clear. The clear and dark spots are the digital code. CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc -- Read Only Memory. This disk is like a "super" floppy disk that can hold lots of information. One CD-ROM can h01d the same amount of data as 500 floppy disks. Information is permanently recorded onto it. Computer games and other programs are considered to be CD-ROMs. 5 CDs were first sold to the public in 1982, These CDs still play. well and sound fine. Current CDs are expected to last between 70 to 200 years. Of course, you can make sure your CDs last a long time by taking care of them. 6 Science keeps on developing. It may not be many more years before a completely new technology is invented and introduced to the public for music recording. In the meantime, there is no doubt you will continue to enjoy listening to your favorite music on CDs and playing your favorite computer games on CD-ROMs, One advantage of CD-RWs is that they can ______ like floppy disks.A shine on bumpsB take many mom yearsC be the key partsD restore the original codeE be written on and rewritten onF keep contact with their ground station efficiently
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。 Engineering Ethics Engineering ethics is attracting increasing interest in engineering universities throughout the nation. At Texas A&M University, evidence of this interest in professional ethics culminated in the creation of a new course in engineering ethics, as well as a project funded by the National Science Foundation to develop material for introducing ethical issues into required undergraduate engineering courses. A small group of faculty and administrators actively supported the growing effort at Texas A&M, yet this group must now expand to meet the needs of increasing numbers of students wishing to learn more about the value implications of their actions as professional engineers. The increasing concern for the value dimension of engineering is, at 1east in part, a result of the attention that the media has given to cases such as the Challenger disaster, the Kansas City Hyatt-Regency Hotel walkways collapse, and the Exxon oil spill. As a response to this concern, a new discipline, engineering ethics, is emerging. This discipline will doubtless take its place alongside such well-established fields as medical ethics, business ethics, and legal ethics. The problem presented by this development is that most engineering professors are not prepared to introduce literature in engineering ethics into their classrooms. They are most comfortable with quantitative concepts and often do not believe they are qualified to lead class discussions on ethics. Many engineering faculty members do not think that they have the time in an already overcrowded syllabus to introduce discussions on professional ethics, or the time in their own schedules to prepare the necessary material. Hopefully, the resources presented herein will be of assistance. Several engineering professors have quit from teaching to protest against the creation of a new course in engineering ethics.
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