There are more rich people than ever before, including some 7 million millionaires, and over 400 billionaires. From sipping champagne to taking trips into space, they are getting plenty of pleasure—though as our survey of the new rich shows, these rich should have worries, too, not least about the damaging effect their wealth may have on their children. 61)As for the poor, the gap between them and the rich is rising, even in the industrialized countries where for much of the 20th century the gap had narrowed. In America, between 1979 and 1997 the average income of the richest fifth of the population jumped from nine times the income of the poorest fifth to around 15 times. In 1990, British income inequality reached its widest level in 40 years.However, the first question to ask about inequality is this: if the have-nots are angry about it, are they right to be62) In societies where advancement is on merit and seemingly open to everyone, regardless of class, race, religion or sex, unequal outcomes ought not to be a cause for concern. No one thinks it outrageous that Tiger Woods is the best golfer in the world and rich to boot; we all had die chance to do what he did. but he had the skill and personality. Nor should it be thought outrageous that Bill Gates has made so much money. 63)But where opportunities are not genuinely equal, governments must do what they can to make them so, chiefly by improving public education and ensuring it is open to all.64) There is, though, a second way in which anger about inequality could be justified even if opportunities were equal and education were both universal and universally good. It is when power, even power initially gained in a meritocratic way, is abused to raise prices or exclude competitors. That, in a previous backlash, is what gave rise to antitrust laws in America and elsewhere, as government sought to restrain monopolies and cartels.Helping the poor, the truly poor, is a much worthier goal than merely narrowing inequalities. If the rich get poorer thanks to high taxation, some people may feel pleased but few are better off. If the poor get richer, however, the whole country will benefit. 65) Focusing resources and policy on poverty would be worthwhile simply on humanitarian grounds. But also, the disadvantages of growing up in extreme poverty pose a challenge to a belief in equality of opportunity. And helping the underclass rejoin society is in the interests of all. There is, though, a second way in which anger about inequality could be justified even if opportunities were equal and education were both universal and universally good.
赵普,字则平,幽州蓟人。后唐幽帅赵德钧连年用兵,民力疲弊,普父回举族徙常山,又徙河南洛阳。普沉厚寡言,镇阳豪族魏氏以女妻之。 周显德初,永兴军节度刘词辟为从事。词卒,遗表荐普于朝。世宗用兵淮上,太祖拔滁州,宰相范质奏普为军事判官。太祖尝与语,奇之。时获盗百余,当弃市,普疑有无辜者,启太祖讯鞫之,获全活者众。淮南平,调补渭州军事判官。太祖领同州节度,辟为推官;移镇宋州,表为掌书记。太祖数微行过功臣家,普每退朝,不敢便衣冠。一日,大雪向夜,普意帝不出。久之,闻叩门声,普亟出,帝立风雪中,普惶惧迎拜。帝曰:“已约晋王矣。”已而太宗至,设重茵地坐堂中,炽炭烧肉。普妻行酒,帝以嫂呼之。因与普计下太原。普曰:“太原当西北二面,太原既下,则我独当之,不如姑俟削平诸国,则弹丸黑子之地,将安逃乎”帝笑曰:“吾意正如此,特库卿尔。” 普为政颇专,廷臣多忌之。时官禁私贩秦、陇大木,普尝遣亲吏诣市屋材,联巨筏至京师治第;吏因之窃货大木,冒称普市货鬻都下。太祖大怒,促令追班,将下制逐普,赖王溥奏解之。淳化三年春,以老衰久病,令留守通判刘昌言奉表求致政,中使驰传抚问,凡三上表乞骸骨。拜太师,封魏国公,给宰相奉料,令养疾。 七月卒,年七十一。上闻之震悼,谓近臣曰:“普事先帝,与朕故旧,能断大事。响与朕尝有不足,众所知也。朕君临以来,每优礼之,普亦倾竭自效,尽忠国家,真社稷臣也,朕甚惜之。”因出涕,左右感动。 (《宋史·赵普传》) 下列各组句子中,加点词的意义和用法不相同的一组是( )。
A. ①大雪向夜,普意帝不出 ②然不自意能先人关破秦
B. ①太祖数微行过功臣家 ②臣有客在市屠中,愿枉车骑过之
C. ①朕君临以来,每优礼之 ②普为政颇专,廷臣多忌之
D. ①镇阳豪族魏氏以女妻之 ②孤违蹇叔,以辱二三子
Predictions of many robots in industry have yet come true. For ten years or more, manufacturers of big robots have explained how their machines can make industry more competitive and productive. The maker for (21) robots is over-supplied now, and the driving force of the robotics revolution is (22) to be with makers of machines that handle a few kilos at most."Heavy-robot manufacturers are in some difficulty (23) finding customers. They are offering big (24) just to get in the door. There has been a (25) growth everywhere in the numbers of robots, so we admit we are either deceiving (26) or that the market is slowly growing." said John Reekie, chairman of Colen Robotics. "The following things must happen (27) the robotics revolution to occur. We must achieve widespread robot literacy, (28) there has been a computer (29) program. There must be a robot policy. Finally, some kind of (30) intelligence needs to be (31) ."Colen makes educational robots and machine tools. It is small (32) with companies like ASEA or Fujitsu Fanuc. But Galen with others and departments in universities such as Surrey, Manchester, and Durham possess an advantage (33) the giants. The big companies sell very expensive (34) to businesses with expert knowledge in automation. The (35) companies make robots for teaching people, and now they have realized that there is a need for small. (36) robots that they can meet.The little companies either bring their educational machines (37) an industrial standard or design from the start. One technique that they all adopt is to choose (38) components where possible. The major cost of making (39) their models is the electronics, which will fall in price. There is (40) scope for reductions in mechanical costs. The sue of standard parts, which are easily replaced, should give these robots a mechanical life of something in the order of five years. 37().
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