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在铁路旅客运输合同中购票和退票的具体规定是什么
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If you like mystery, chances are you’ve heard of Agatha Christie, possibly the world’s best-known mystery writer. Her books have sold over two billion copies worldwide. A. disgusting B. destructive C. detective D. desirable
On Food Safety, a Long List But Little Money This summer there has been a drumbeat of food-related illnesses. Strawberries containing E. coli (大肠杆菌) killed one person in Oregon and sickened at least nine others. Imported papayas (木瓜) contaminated with salmonella (沙门氏菌) poisoned more than 200 people nationwide, with one dead. The landmark food safety law passed by Congress last December is supposed to reduce the frequency and severity of food safety problems, but the roll call of recent cases underlines the importance of the task. "It’s an enormous undertaking," said Mike Taylor, the Food and Drug Administration’s deputy commissioner for foods, whose job is to turn the far-reaching law into a coherent set of rules that farmers, food processors and importers can follow and regulators can enforce. The agency is taking on the expanded mission at a time when Washington budget-slashing (大幅消减预算) means that regulators have little hope of getting additional money and may instead have their budgets cut by Congress. Mr. Taylor said they didn’t have resources to implement the law. "The choice is we either find the resources or we give up implementing this law. You can’t build something brand-new without the resources to do it. " The agency is now in the process of writing the food safety rules, with the goal of preventing outbreaks like those this summer. One of the most complex jobs involves setting standards for farmers to grow and harvest fruits and vegetables safely. The first draft of the farm rifles is due early next year. The agency is expected to deal with basics like hand-washing stations for field workers, tests of irrigation water and measures to protect fields from wild animals that can track in bacteria. Yet the standards must take into account a huge variety of crops, farming practices and farm sizes. The task is all the more delicate because the agency has never before had a major presence on American farms. For a year and a half, well before Congress passed the food safety law, Mr. Taylor has visited farmers around the country and sought to ease their fears that an army of food safety officials will come storming through their fields telling them how to do their jobs. Recently, he visited Long Island, where he traveled through the sandy fields of the 30-acre Deer Run lettuce farm of Bob Nolan in Brookhaven with steps. Mr. Nolan said he was initially anxious about the new law but was now eager to help the agency make it work for farmers. Mr. Taylor was joined by several agency employees involved in writing the farm rules, and Mr. Nolan told them that he hoped the visit would help them better understand how a farm worked. The complexity of the F. D. A. ’s task became clear as the day went on. At the second stop, a potato farm in Riverhead, the owner Jimmy Zilnicki said that he knew little about what the government expected of him. "We’re all just trying to find out what this food safety thing is all about," he said. Besides, he argued, potatoes were a safe crop and he questioned whether it was worth including them in rood satety rules. Mr. Taylor told him the F. D. A. ’s job was to focus most of its efforts where the food safety risks were greatest. The third stop was a 65-acre organic farm in Riverhead, run by Eve Kaplan Walbrecht and her husband, Chris. They grow a dizzying rank of crops, most of which they sell directly to customers through farmers’ markets and buying clubs. They, too, had made costly improvements with an eye toward food safety, including building a large processing shed with a concrete floor, treated water, a bathroom and refrigerated storage. The new law remits (减轻,减免) small farms that average less than $ 500, 000 a year in sales and sell mostly to local customers. But Ms Kaplan Walbrecht said that her farm brings in too much money to qualify for the exemption. She worried that the new law could become a burden for small farmers, either by adding paperwork or by unleashing (不加管束的) regulators with little understanding of how a farm worked. But while farmers worry that the rules will be too severe, food safety advocates worry that budget cuts could render the law toothless. The Congressional Budget Office has said the F. D. A. will need hundreds of millions of dollars in new financing to execute the law, and there appears little chance that Mr. Taylor will get it. The Republican-controlled House of Representatives has passed a budget that largely eliminates new money for the F. D. A. The Democrat-controlled Senate has not made its own proposal. But advocates fear that the new Congressional super committee that is to propose cuts under the debt ceiling deal could further decrease the agency’s finances. A budget freeze or cuts would have the greatest impact on the ambitious increase in inspections called for under the new law, which strengthen each year. "Writing rules is inexpensive; enforcing them is expensive," said David W. Acheson, a former associate commissioner of the F. D. A. who is now a food safety consultant. "There will be a public health impact because enforcement won’t be to the extent they want to do it. " The agency has already said that, without lots of new money, it won’t be able to conduct the thousands of foreign food inspections the law would require after a few years. Increasing domestic inspections would be difficult, too. The F. D. A. has about 1, 000 inspectors trained to visit food establishments but most of them also inspect drug and medical device facilities. Hiring new inspectors or retraining existing ones is costly. So far, Mr. Taylor has won praise for the introduction of the new law. "I’ve never seen the agency go at anything with such enthusiasm," said Carol L. Tucker Foreman, a food policy expert at the Consumer Federation of America. But she feared that without a higher budget, the agency would take shortcuts. The law requires the most frequent inspections at the riskiest facilities and Ms Tucker Foreman questioned whether the agency would simply classify fewer operations as high risk to make its job easier. Mr. Taylor said that would not happen. "We’re not going to game the system," he said. Why there will be a public health impact according to David W. Acheson
福费廷是在延期付款的大型设备贸易中，进口方银行应出口商的请求，向进口商无追索权地买下经进口商承兑的汇票(或由其签发的本票)，使进口商得以提前取得现款的一种资金融通方式。 ( )
Advocates of federal action to address climate change had little to cheer about in 2010. The prospects may be even dimmer this year, with nearly every important committee chair in the now Republican-controlled House dismissing the threat of global warming or the human contribution to it. As Congress dawdles (散漫) and denies, some states are moving forward. Massachusetts recently announced a plan to curb emissions from homes, cars and factories by one-fourth below 1990 levels over 10 years—considerably more aggressive than President Obama’s commitment in Copenhagen to reduce emissions 17 percent below 2005 levels. The plan relies on existing technologies to produce more power from renewable sources like wind, tougher energy-efficiency standards for buildings and more investments in mass transit. Massachusetts will also benefit from its participation in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, a 2008 agreement among 10 Eastern states, including New York, to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from power plants. These emissions have already dropped dramatically in the region, in part because utilities have been switching from coal to cleaner-burning natural gas. The Massachusetts announcement follows California’s approval of a cap-and-trade program requiring 360 large enterprises, including refineries (精炼厂) and power plants, to gradually reduce emissions to help achieve a statewide reduction of 15 percent from current levels by 2020—just under Mr. Obama’s target. As in other cap-and-trade programs—including proposals that stalled in Congress—the plan will require each facility to reduce emissions or buy allowances to pollute. This should encourage industry to invest in cleaner technologies while raising money for the state and local communities to improve energy efficiency. The trading program was the last missing piece of a broad initiative signed into law by Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger in 2005. Among other things, it requires that an increasing percentage of California’s energy be generated by wind and solar power. It also meshes neatly with the state’s strict greenhouse gas limits on vehicles, which paved the way for the national standards adopted by the Obama administration. Other states and cities, including New York City, have embraced one or more aggressive strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. None of this is enough; a national policy would be much better. One hopes that Washington will get the message—before it’s too late. what is the author’s suggestion about reducing greenhouse gas emission
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