According to myth, Rwanda"s ancient line of kings descended from a man with secret knowledge: He could【B1】______ordinary rock into smooth, gleaming iron.【B2】______this new technology, he taught his people to make hard, durable weapons for defeating their enemies and sharp axes for cutting the forest to make fields. By the time the first Europeans arrived in the 19th century, iron had become【B3】______in the kingdom of Rwanda Other traditional African societies tell stories of【B4】______ironworkers who descended from heaven or came from other lands. The prevalence of such legends【B5】______the importance of ironworking in these cultures, and archaeologists have long wondered if the arrival of iron metallurgy【B6】______the growth of complex early societies. Did foreigners【B7】______bring ironworking to Africa, or did Africans invent it themselves Entering the Iron Age was not easy. Metalworkers had to melt ore at【B8】______temperatures and then repeatedly hammer and reheat the spongy metal. The traditional view is that metallurgists in Turkey were the first to melt iron ore【B9】______, beginning around 1800 B.C.E. Initially, they【B10】______the new metal for precious【B11】______or ritual objects. But by 1200 B.C.E., workers in the Levant were boiling out【B12】______amounts of iron. The metal had a major【B13】______on societies. Iron was a transformative metal. Iron ores are much more【B14】______than copper or the tin needed to make bronze. Bronze was【B15】______costly and largely limited【B16】______use in ritual objects and goods for【B17】______. But once cultures learned to melt iron, they could put iron tools into the hands of【B18】______people for clearing forests and tilling the【B19】______. This boosted agricultural yields, increased the numbers of villages, and【B20】______ever more social complexity. 【B10】
A. Beforehand
B. Initially
C. Eventually
D. Similarly
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According to myth, Rwanda"s ancient line of kings descended from a man with secret knowledge: He could【B1】______ordinary rock into smooth, gleaming iron.【B2】______this new technology, he taught his people to make hard, durable weapons for defeating their enemies and sharp axes for cutting the forest to make fields. By the time the first Europeans arrived in the 19th century, iron had become【B3】______in the kingdom of Rwanda Other traditional African societies tell stories of【B4】______ironworkers who descended from heaven or came from other lands. The prevalence of such legends【B5】______the importance of ironworking in these cultures, and archaeologists have long wondered if the arrival of iron metallurgy【B6】______the growth of complex early societies. Did foreigners【B7】______bring ironworking to Africa, or did Africans invent it themselves Entering the Iron Age was not easy. Metalworkers had to melt ore at【B8】______temperatures and then repeatedly hammer and reheat the spongy metal. The traditional view is that metallurgists in Turkey were the first to melt iron ore【B9】______, beginning around 1800 B.C.E. Initially, they【B10】______the new metal for precious【B11】______or ritual objects. But by 1200 B.C.E., workers in the Levant were boiling out【B12】______amounts of iron. The metal had a major【B13】______on societies. Iron was a transformative metal. Iron ores are much more【B14】______than copper or the tin needed to make bronze. Bronze was【B15】______costly and largely limited【B16】______use in ritual objects and goods for【B17】______. But once cultures learned to melt iron, they could put iron tools into the hands of【B18】______people for clearing forests and tilling the【B19】______. This boosted agricultural yields, increased the numbers of villages, and【B20】______ever more social complexity. 【B18】
A. countless
B. ordinary
C. folk
D. unarmed
According to myth, Rwanda"s ancient line of kings descended from a man with secret knowledge: He could【B1】______ordinary rock into smooth, gleaming iron.【B2】______this new technology, he taught his people to make hard, durable weapons for defeating their enemies and sharp axes for cutting the forest to make fields. By the time the first Europeans arrived in the 19th century, iron had become【B3】______in the kingdom of Rwanda Other traditional African societies tell stories of【B4】______ironworkers who descended from heaven or came from other lands. The prevalence of such legends【B5】______the importance of ironworking in these cultures, and archaeologists have long wondered if the arrival of iron metallurgy【B6】______the growth of complex early societies. Did foreigners【B7】______bring ironworking to Africa, or did Africans invent it themselves Entering the Iron Age was not easy. Metalworkers had to melt ore at【B8】______temperatures and then repeatedly hammer and reheat the spongy metal. The traditional view is that metallurgists in Turkey were the first to melt iron ore【B9】______, beginning around 1800 B.C.E. Initially, they【B10】______the new metal for precious【B11】______or ritual objects. But by 1200 B.C.E., workers in the Levant were boiling out【B12】______amounts of iron. The metal had a major【B13】______on societies. Iron was a transformative metal. Iron ores are much more【B14】______than copper or the tin needed to make bronze. Bronze was【B15】______costly and largely limited【B16】______use in ritual objects and goods for【B17】______. But once cultures learned to melt iron, they could put iron tools into the hands of【B18】______people for clearing forests and tilling the【B19】______. This boosted agricultural yields, increased the numbers of villages, and【B20】______ever more social complexity. 【B17】
A. microorganisms
B. elites
C. revolutionists
D. empires
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Benjamin Franklin just got a face-lift;. And it"s about time. Over the past seven years, the Treasury Department has redesigned the $5, $10, $20 and $50 bills, citing counterfeiting【B1】______. On April 21, the $100 bill【B2】______its fellows when the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing(BEP)unveiled its latest bill. The $100 bill is the highest-denomination note in【B3】______and can weather more than seven years of【B4】______. A humble $1 bill lasts only 21 months. The American Revolution"s continental currency—the first attempt【B5】______national tender—did not have the same kind of【B6】______. So much of the money was produced to【B7】______the war that it quickly【B8】______. In 1863, Congress【B9】______the issuance of paper tender, much of which was easy to counterfeit. It is estimated that one-third of money circulating at the time was【B10】______. But that didn"t stop the government from producing【B11】______of it. By the time the BEP was officially established in 1874, the Treasury Department had been creating【B12】______for more than a decade—with dozens of clerks manually cutting and signing bills before the process was【B13】______. The U.S. started producing coins in 1792. The first piece of money to feature a President"s【B14】______was a coin: the Abraham Lincoln penny, created in 1909. And【B15】______the fact that it costs 1.6¢ to make each l¢ coin, more pennies are produced than any other U.S. denomination.【B16】______bills such as the $500, $1,000, $5,000, and $10,000 had no such luck,【B17】______, and the $100,000 note was printed but never released .【B18】______hundreds of billions of dollars in circulation at any given time(more than $330 billion was produced last year alone), updating security features on currency is a(n) 【B19】______process. "In God We【B20】______," sure. In humans, not so much. 【B12】
A. coins
B. finance
C. currency
D. banks