题目内容
Literature and Life
In a reaction against a too-rigid, over-refined classical curriculum, some educational philosophers have swung sharply to an espousal of "life experience" as the sole source of learning. Using their narrow interpretation of John Dewey's theories as a base for support, they conclude that only through "doing" can learning take place. Spouting such phrases as "Teach the child, not the subject," they demand, without sensing its absurdity, an end to rigorous study as a means of opening the way to learning. While not all adherents to this approach would totally eliminate a study of great books, the influence of this philosophy bas been felt in the public school curricula, as evidenced by the gradual subordination of great literature.
What is the purpose of literature？ Why read, if life alone is to be our teacher？ James Joyce states that the artist reveals the human situation by re-creating life out of life, Aristotle that art presents universal truths be- cause its form. is taken from nature. Thus, consciously or otherwise, the great writer reveals the human situation most tellingly, extending our understanding of ourselves and our world,
We can soar with the writer to the heights of man's aspirations, or plummeting with him to tragic despair. The works of Steinbeck, Anderson, and Salinger; the poetry of Whitman, Sandburg, and Frost; the plays of Ibsen, Miller, and O'Neill; all present starkly realistic portrayals of life's problems. Reality？ Yes! But how much wider is the understanding we gain than that attained by viewing life through the keyhole of our single existence
Can we measure the richness gained by the young reader venturing down the Mississippi with Tom and Huck, or cheering Ivanhoe as he battles the Black Knight; the deepening understanding of the mature reader of the tragic South of William Faulkner and Tennessee Williams, of the awesome determination and frailty of Patrick White's Australian pioneers？
This function of literature, the enlarging of our own life sphere, is of itself of major importance. Addition- ally, however, it has been suggested that solutions of social problems maybe suggested in the study of literature. The overweening ambitions of political leaders--and their sneering contempt for the law---did not appear for the first time in the writings of Bernstein and Woodward; the problems, and the consequent actions, of the guilt ridden did not await the appearance of the bearded psychoanalyst of the twentieth century.
Federal Judge Learned Hand has written, "I venture to believe that it is as important to a judge called upon to pass on a question of constitutional law, to have at least a bowing acquaintance with Thucydides, Gibbon, and Carlyle, with Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, and Milton, with Montaigne and Rabelais, with Plato, Bacon, Hume, and Kant, as with the books which have been specifically written on the subject. For in such matters everything turns upon the spirit in which he approaches the questions before him. "But what of our dissenters？ Can we overcome the disapproval of their "life experience classroom" theory of learning？ We must start with the field of agreement--that education should serve to improve the individual and society. We must educate them to the understanding that the voice of human experience should stretch our human faculties, and open us to learning. We must convince them- in their own personal language perhaps--of the "togetherness" of life and art; we must prove to them that far from being separate, literature is that part of life which illuminates life. (578)
According to the passage, the end goal of great literature is ______.
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听力原文： A 21.4-billion HK dollar (2.74 billion US dollars) surplus has been recorded in the Hong Kong government coffers for the 2004-05 fiscal year that ended March 31, the government said here Friday. This was largely a result of additional receipts from land premiums, salaries tax and stamp duty, a government official explained. The surplus was 9. 4 billion HK dollars above the revised estimate of 12 billion HK dollars announced in the 2005--06 Budget. Expenditure was 7.5 billion HK dollars lower than forecast. The final results for the 2004--05 financial year were the same as the provisional results published on April 27. Revenue amounted to 263.6 billion HK dollars (33.79 billion US dollars) while expenditure reached 242. 2 billion HK dollars (31.05 billion US dollars).
The surplus reported by Hong Kong government is ________ billion HK dollars above the original estimate.
听力原文： BEIJING---Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice cautioned Sunday that North Korea's decision to resume nuclear disarmament talks does not mean the United States is any closer to its long-standing goal of a nuclear-free Korean Peninsula. The six-party discussions, in addition to the United States and North Korea, involve China, South Korea, Japan and Russia. Three rounds of discussions were held during 2003 and 2004, producing scant progress toward the U.S. goal of verifiable dismantling of North Korea's nuclear weapons programs.
North Korea's decision to resume nuclear disarmament talks ______ to its long-standing goal of a nuclear-free Korean Peninsula.
Protect Your Privacy When Job-hunting Online
Identity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all types of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person's personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically for economic gain.
The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add up fast these days. A recent General Accounting Office report estimates that as many as 750,000 Americans are victims of identity theft every year. And that number may be low, as many people choose not to report the crime even if they know they have been victimized.
Identity theft is "an absolute epidemic," states Robert Ellis Smith, a respected author and advocate of privacy. "It's certainly picked up in the last four or five years. It's worldwide. It affects everybody, and there's very little you can do to prevent it and, worst of all, you can't detect it until it's probably too late."
Unlike your fingerprints, which are unique to you and cannot be given to someone else for their use, your personal data, especially your social security number, your bank account or credit card number, your telephone calling card number, and other valuable identifying data, can be used, if they fall into the wrong hands, to personally profit at your expense. In the United States and Canada, for example, many people have reported that unauthorized persons have taken funds out of their bank or financial accounts, or, in the worst cases, taken over their identities altogether, running up vast debts and committing crimes while using the victims' names. In many cases, a victim's losses may include not only out-of-pocket financial losses, but substantial additional financial costs associated with trying to restore his reputation in the community and correcting erroneous information for which the criminal is responsible.
According to the FBI, identity theft is the number one fraud committed on the Internet. So how do job seekers protect themselves while continuing to circulate their resumes online？ The key to a successful online job search is learning to manage the risks. Here are some tips for staying safe while conducting a job search on the Internet.
1. Check for a privacy policy.
If you are considering posting your resume online, make sure the job search site you are considering has a privacy policy, like CareerBuilder.com. The policy should spell out how your information will be used, stored and whether or not it will be shared. You may want to think twice about posting your resume on a site that automatically shares your information with others. You could be opening yourself up to unwanted calls from solicitors(推销员).
When reviewing the site's privacy policy, you'll be able to delete your resume just as easily as you posted it. You won't necessarily want your resume to remain out there on the Internet once you land a job. Remember, the longer your resume remains posted on a job board, the more exposure, both positive and not-so-positive, it will receive.
2. Take advantage of site features.
Lawful job search sites offer levels of privacy protection. Before posting your resume, carefully consider your job search objectives and the level of risk you are willing to assume.
CareerBuilder.com, for example, offers three levels of privacy from which job seekers can choose. The first is standard posting. This option gives job seekers who post their resumes the most visibility to the broadest employer audience possible.
The second is anonymous (匿名的) posting. This allows job seekers the same visibility as those in the standard posting category without any of their contact information being displayed. Job seekers who wish to remain anonymous but want to share some other information may choose which pieces of contact information to dis
Which of the following is NOT the major source of the surplus？
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