The site that can promote vitamin B12 is ()
A. Duodenum
B. Jejunum
C. Ileum
D. Upper colon
E. Rectum
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Gastric mucosa often in high acid and pepsin environment will not digest itself, because of the existence of self-protection mechanism, the main mechanism is ()
A. Mucus barrier
B. Mucus cell protection
C. Bicarbonate barrier
D. Mucus bicarbonate barrier
E. mucilage gel layer protection
Vitamin B12 is necessary for many metabolic processes. Which of the following conditions will not cause deficiency ()
A. Total gastrectomy
B. Autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells
C. Gastric acid deficiency caused by chronic gastritis
D. Surgical resection of jejunum
E. Surgical resection of ileum
A 35-year-old man has a vital capacity of 5 L, a tidal volume of 0.5 L, an inspiratory capacity of 3.5 L, and a functional residual capacity of 2.5 L. What is his expiratory reserve volume?
A. 4.5L
B. 3.0L
C. 2.5L
D. 2.0L
E. 1.5L
The wrong description about neuroregulation of urine formation is that ()
A. the renal innervation is controlled by sympathetic nerves
B. the transmitter is E
C. NE acts on α receppor and afferent arterioles contract, so GFR↓
D. NE acts on β receppor in juxtaglomerular cells, so renin increase
E. reabsorption of NaCl and water in the proximal tubules and loop of Henle increase
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