题目内容
SECTION B PASSAGES
Directions: In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
听力原文： One problem of eliciting knowledge from several experts is that experts may share only parts of their terminologies and conceptual systems. Experts may use the same term for different concepts, use different terms for the same concept, use the same term for the same concept, or use different terms and have different concepts. Moreover, clients who use an expert system have even less likelihood of sharing terms and concepts with the experts who produced it. This paper outlines a methodology for eliciting and recognizing such individual differences. It can be used to focus discussion between experts on those differences between them which require resolution, enabling them to classify them in terms of differing terminologies, levels of abstraction, disagreements, and so on. The methodology promotes the full exploration of the conceptual framework of a domain of expertise by encouraging experts to operate in a "brain-storming" mode as a group, using differing viewpoints to develop a rich framework. It reduces social pressures forcing an invalid consensus by providing objective analysis of separately elicited conceptual systems.
What is the main purpose of the passage you have just heard？
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听力原文：W: Hey, Steve, got any plans for tonight？
M: Hi, Jane, er, no, I don't think so. Why, got any suggestions？
W: In fact I do. I just got two tickets to the opening of an exhibit of reprints by Julia Margaret Cameron. I would have mentioned it earlier but I was on a waiting list for these tickets and I wasn't sure I even get them.
M: An exhibit huh？ I like such things. But I don't know who Julia...
W: Margaret Cameron. She was a photographer in the 1800's. She's interesting to art historian in general and students of photography in particular, because she, how should I say, changes the aesthetics of photography.
M: What do you mean？
W: Well, her specialty was portraits, and instead of just making a factual record of details like most photographers did, you know, just capturing what a person looks like a dispassionate sort of way. She, like a portrait painter, was interested in capturing her subject's personality.
M: Interesting. How did she do that？
W: She invented a number of techniques that affected the picture, like one of these things she did was blur images slightly by using a soft focus on a subject, that's pretty common now.
M: Yeah, I've seen that, who did she photograph？
W: Famous people of her day. Alfred Lord Tenson, Henry, Charles Darvin, I don't know who well, we'll see the exhibition.
M: You really pick my curiosity. I'm going to enjoy this.
What did Julia Margaret Cameron emphasize in her portrays？
What is the lecture mainly about？
SECTION A CONVERSATIONS
Directions: In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
听力原文：W: Excuse me, I've been using this old book for a research project and I noticed that a lot of pages are turning brown and becoming brittle.
M: Yes, unfortunately, that's a common problem with books made from wood pulp.
W: I suppose to make paper from wood that you have to add a lot of chemicals and acids to make it turn white.
M: Exactly, and it's the acid that eventually eats away the paper.
W: Oh, that actually make sense, but this book's not even 75 years old and I've seen books in museum that are hundreds of years old and they're in fine condition.
M: Well, you see, books have been made from wood pulp only since 1850, before that they were made from materials mostly animals' skins or C, no chemicals were added.
W: It's a shame those older wood pulp books are going to fall apart some day. Is there anything that can be done to preserve them.
M: En, currently the only way to stop the books from decaying is to remove the binding and treat each page individually to remove the acid.
W: That doesn't sound very economical.
M: No, it isn't. It's not practical to treat a large number of books with this process, so we only try to rescue the most valuable first edition books in our collection.
W: Well, thanks for the explanation. I'd better get back to my project.
M: Good luck, and I hope the old book hold long enough for you to finish it.
According to the man, why do modern books decay？
Why don't the speakers have any food to eat？
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