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After inventing dynamite, Swedish-born Alfred Nobel became a very rich man. However, he foresaw its universally destructive powers too late. Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite, so in 1895, just two weeks before his death, he created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to mankind. Originally there were five awards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine and peace. Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the first awards ceremony.Nobel’s original legacy of nine million dollars was invested, and the interest on this sum is used for the awards which vary from 30,000 to 125,000.Every year on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel’s death, the awards(gold medal, illuminated diploma and money) are presented to the winners. Sometimes politics plays an important role in the judge’s decisions. Americans have won numerous science awards, but relatively few literature prizes.No awards were presented from 1940 to 1942 at the beginning of World War Ⅱ. Some people have won two prizes, but this is rare; others have shared their prizes. Why was the Nobel prize established（）
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Many of the world’s pollution problems have been caused by the crowding of large groups of people into the cities. Supply for the needs of the people leads to further pollution by industry. If the rapid increase in human population continues at the present rate, there may be much greater harm. Some scientists speak of the increase in numbers of people as "population pollution".About 2,000 years ago, the world population was probably 250 million. It reached a billion in 1850. By 1930, the population was two billion. It was three and a half billion in 1988. It is expected to double by the year 2000. If the population continues to grow at the same rate, there would be 25 billion people in the world a hundred years from now!Man has been using the earth’s resources more and more rapidly over the years. Some of them are almost gone. Now many people believe that man’s greatest problem is how to control population, in time to come, if the present rate of increase continues. Already there is overcrowding in the cities and hunger in some countries. Can man’s rate of increase continue Many people believe that human survival in the future depends on the answer to this question. The world’s pollution problems would be less serious if ()
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