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______(无论你给他多少建议), he still does what he wants.
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Passage One Security experts were not surprised by the FBI’s warning last week that more than 1 million credit card numbers have been stolen from e-commerce websites in the last 12 months by crackers who took advantage of a hole that could have been patched with software that was made available three years ago. It is believed that most of the dirty work was being done by organized hacking groups in Russia and the Ukraine. Many of their peers in the Western world say Eastern Europe’s computer crackers and hackers axe the most skillful in the world--far superior to the so-called "script kiddies" who have gained a ’fair amount of notoriety(臭名昭著). "We call Russia the Hackzone because there are so many of us here, and we are so good at what we do," said a self-described cracker living in Moscow. He claims he is often hired to "have fun" with the websites and networks of his employer’s competitors. He is paid 3,000 rubles(卢布) per job--about $ 104 American. It may not sound like much, but a college professor gets paid about $ 150 per month. The Russian hacking scene is incredibly sophisticated, These guys are excellent programmers and they really understand networks--how to get in and out without a trace, which makes it unusual that they have been at the center of some notorious computer crime cases. To the Moscow residents, who describe them as "secret security guy", cracking and hacking are important parts of the underground culture in Russia, as they are in many other countries. But they feel that there is more approval for Russia’s crackers throughout Russia than there is elsewhere. When they were in school, in the 1980s, they were encouraged to hack American software. They had to dissect(仔细研究) tile programs to understand them so that they could make them work on their systems. It is believed that many Russian teenagers start cracking because they want to get on the Internet but can’t afford the costs of the service. So they learn how to steal passwords. Farther more, they can’t afford to spend two months’ salary on a copy of Microsoft Office. But they can spend a half-month salary and get a CD burner that lets them make many copies of software. What is the better investment Which of the following titles is most appropriate to the passage
As is known to all, toys ______. (对于我们的童年是不可或缺的).
Passage Two When delivering a lecture on ethics in journalism, tile senior correspondent for CNN said that we’re entered into a new era, where the ethics of journalism no longer value truth in the same-way it was valued 20 years ago. There is such an appetite for immediate information that deadlines hardly exist any more. Viewers receive the information nearly as quickly as the reporters do. The problem lies in the fact that viewers get sucked in by the pictures. Those first impressions of a story are lasting, even if they are misleading. Sometimes first impressions are accurate. Sometimes they’re not. The journalists are in the business of getting it right. Take the role scandal has played in the media for example. There’s been a push away from substance and towards sensationalism, a prominent example being the extensive coverage of the Simpson trial; people get drawn in by the celebrity. Such coverage contributed to the’ coarsening (粗鄙) of our culture. People forever lowered the bar by covering that scandal the way we did. The corporate element and the growth of news outlets have also contributed to the negative changes. The increase in the number of reporters, stations and networks has heightened competition, turning the focus away from news towards big business and profitability(收益率). Can you do a good journalism and still remain economically profitable You can to a point. But do you cover the civil wars in Africa or the latest developments in the Eliot Spitzer affair The truth is, Spitzer draws and holds a much larger audience, and this is big business now. But the answer lies in proportional coverage. We have to cover a little of both. The journalists need to make an argument as to how to remedy the recent problems with news coverage. It is time to redefine journalism. Conscientious journalists from all media should strive to serve the public with thoroughness and honesty, and they are the cornerstone of a journalist’s credibility, because without credibility, the journalists are nothing. What is the author’s attitude towards the credibility of journalism
Free College Courses Feed Global Hunger for Learning In 2002, when the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) started to make course content available free online, project organizers surely had no idea that their site would become a favorite destination for science junkies (上瘾者)across the globe. They posted lecture outlines and other materials primarily as a resource for fellow educators. But a whopping 55% of the 750,000 monthly visitors come from the ranks of "independent learners’ who simply want the knowledge that once required a student ID. "Our biggest surprise was the great number of independent learners," says Steve Carson, external relations director for MIT Open Course Ware (ocw. mit. edu). "It demonstrates that there is the unsatisfied hunger for learning that’s out there." Independent learners are reaping a harvest of new, free opportunities with the purpose of either brushing up on skills or pursuing an education that had always been out of reach before. Through those that are known as "open courseware", anyone that has the Internet access can freely tap materials from about 5,000 courses at more than 150 colleges and universities around the world. Resources from physics to family finance The resource base is expanding quickly. Last year, Utah became the first state which has publicly funded open courseware by establishing the Utah Open Course Ware Alliance, which provides a lot of materials from seven institutions. Last fall, Yale University launched the first seven in a planned collection of nearly 30 open courses, all of which involve complete sets of videotaped lectures (open. yale. edu). And Apple’s iTunes U website enables the free access to audio and video of lectures supplied by dozens of schools. Through open courseware, Yale’s "Fundamentals of Physics" and "Modem Poetry" are as accessible as Utah State University’s "Family Finance" and "Vegetable Gardening and Lawn Care". Those education scholars see the vast potential. "In this way, independent learners might use course materials to fill in gaps in their educations and save a lot of time because experts have packaged a wealth of information for them", says Janette Hill, an associate professor of instructional technology at the University of Georgia.Take it or give it The open courseware has really excited a lot of people; at the same time, it also is raising some questions, such as how much interaction is necessary to make learning successful. "Do you believe that it is really enough just to have the information" Hill asks. "The power of learning occurs in some kind of discussion forum where people can share ideas with each other about what they’ve been reading, what they’ve been listening to. and extend that to each other." Users truly have many reasons for dabbling in open courseware, which, unlike those online degree programs, doesn’t offer any course credits. Those sanitation (卫生设施) engineers in developing countries sometimes need technical know-how, Carson says, so they’ll try to seek out an MIT engineering course. The Alumni and parents monitor courses at the University of Notre Dame site to stay in touch with intellectual life on campus, says Terri Bays, project director for Notre Dame Open Course Ware. Some people are even charting a discount path to obtain a degree. Shirley Thomas of Owings Mills, Md. , says she wants to pursue a new career after her 27 years in nursing, but she’s not sure yet what she can take to study. Finally came her solution: Test the waters by studying international economics through USU’s open courseware. Later she hopes to get credit through the College Board’s College-Level Examination Program (CLEP). which allows test takers to earn college credit for what they have already known. "Don’t feel like sitting in a classroom after working a 12-hour shift." Thomas says. "It is extremely important for me to be able to take classes for free, especially since I haven’t decided which degree I really intend to pursue. ’ Others, however, have become frustrated because they have to spend a lot of time sorting through piles of materials without any guidance from experts or sounding board for questions. Seventy-year-old retiree Diana Hatfield Bixby browsed MIT’s open courseware from her home in Palouse, Idaho, but she soon try to give up because of the absence of any back-and-forth communication. "What I’d like to have is one-on-one with people responding to e-mail. (but) there’s no way I could afford online education, which involves paying some tuition (学费) ", Hatfield-Bixby says. "With this type of open courseware program, there shouldn’t be any lack of education. But how one is expected to achieve that knowledge has to be clearer, more defined and less intimidating." More important than just a degree As open courseware matures, its forms begin to vary as widely as its content. Notre Dame’s "Introduction to Philosophy" for instance, supplements a reading list with lecture outlines. "Introduction to Non-violence", another open courseware at the University of California-Berkeley, involves watching 28 lectures on YouTube. Not everyone prefers multimedia platforms. In Indonesia, limited bandwidth (带宽)means it’s easier to download static files than to deal with streaming video or audio. Because many materials from MIT and USU don’t require multimedia platforms, teachers across Indonesia are able to access them and benefit, even though they’re not studying for credit. "Learning materials and process are much more important here than just getting a degree," says Ferry Haris. a computer programmer for the Indonesian government, "especially when books are very costly for most of ns here." As more institutions supply open courseware, those independent learners, who might not be MIT-level whiz kids, will find that subjects are presented on a more accessible level, according to David Wiley, director of the Center for Open Sustainable Learning at USU. MIT has led the way, but now that MIT has made all of its 1,800 courses available, organizers there will be glad to see others catching up. "We’re losing market share by the day," Carson says, "and that’s really exciting." Free online course materials help independent learners to save money in obtaining a degree.
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