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M: Welcome to Yellow Stone National Park. Before we begin our nature walk today, I’d like to give you a short history of our national park service. The national park service began in the late 1800s. A small group of explorers had just completed a month long exploration of the region that is now Yellow Stone. They gathered around the campfire and after hours of discussion, they decided that they should not claim this land for themselves. They felt it should be accessible to everyone so they began a campaign to preserve this land for everyone’s enjoyment. Two years later, in die late 19th century, an Act of Congress signed by President Ulysses S. Grant proclaimed the Yellow Stone region a public park. It was the first national park in the world. After Yellow Stone became a public park, many other areas of great scenic importance were set aside. And in 1916 the national park service was established to manage these parks. As a park ranger, I am an employee of the national park service. In the national park, park rangers are on duty at all times to answer questions and help visitors in any difficulty. Nature walks, guided tours and campfires talks axe offered by specially trained staff members. The park service also protects the animals and plants within the park. According to the speaker, who originated the idea of the public park()
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Proper street behavior in the United States requires a nice balance of attention and inattention. You are supposed to look at a (21) just enough to show that you’re (22) of his presence. If you look too little, you appear arrogant or furtive (鬼鬼祟祟的), too much, (23) you’re inquisitive. Usually what happens is that people (24) each other until they are about eight feet (25) , at which point both cast down their eyes. Sociologist Dr. Erving Goffman (26) this as "a kind of dimming of lights." Much of eye behavior is so (27) that we react to it only on the intuitive level. The next time you have a (28) with someone who makes you feel liked, notice what he does with his eyes. (29) are he looks at you more often than is usual with (30) a little longer than the normal. You interpret this as a sign of a polite one (31) he is interested in you as a person (32) just in the topic of conversation. Probably you also feel that he is both (33) and sincere. All this has been demonstrated in elaborate (34) . Subjects sit and talk in the psychologist’s laboratory, (35) of the fact that their eye behavior is being (36) from a one-way vision screen. In one fairly typical experiment, (37) were induced to cheat while performing a task, then were (38) and observed. It was found that those who had (39) met the interviewer’s eyes less often than was (40) , an indication that "shifty eyes" to use the mystery writers’ stock phrase can actually be a tip-off to an attempt to deceive or to feelings of guilt. 39().
W: Underground tickets are available at all underground stations. Ticket prices for the underground vary according to the distance you travel. The network is divided into five zones, a central zone and four outer zones. Generally, your fare will increase, the more zones you travel through. You must buy your ticket before you start your journey, from a ticket office or machine. Keep your ticket for inspection and collection at your destination. The easiest and most economical way to travel around London is with a travel card. This gives you the freedom of London’s trains, tubes and buses in whichever zones you choose. It’s perfect for the visitor because one ticket combines travel on the trains of Network Southeast with the underground, Dockland Light railway and most London buses. It’s more convenient than buying separate tickets for each journey. Travel cards are available from any train or tube station. A one-day travel card is ideal for a day’s shopping, sightseeing, and all tourist trips in London. You can travel anywhere you like within the vast 650 square mile travel card area. No need to keep queuing for tickets or carry a pocketful of change for ticket machines, just use whatever form of transport that suits you best for any combination of trips. One-day travel cards can be bought from staffed train or tube stations after 9:30 a.m. on weekdays and any time at weekends. Travel card season tickets include 7-day, monthly and annual tickets. This is the modem, convenient and flexible ticket for your daily journey to work. For travel card season tickets, please bring a passport size photograph with you. Smoking is not allowed anywhere on the underground. Smoking is permitted, however, at the back of the upper deck of buses. If someone wants to buy a travel card season ticket, what should he bring with him
The Security Council is the most powerful body in the UN. It is responsible for maintaining international peace, and for restoring peace when conflicts arise. Its decisions are binding on all UN members. The Security Council has the power to define what is a threat to security, to determine how the UN should respond, and to enforce its decisions by ordering UN members to take certain actions. The Council convenes (召集) any time there is a threat to peace. A representative from each member country who sits on the Council must be available at all times so that the Council can meet at a moment’s notice. The Security Council also frequently meets at the request of a UN member—often a nation with a grievance about another nation’s actions. The Security Council has 15 members, five of which hold permanent seats. The assembly elects the other ten members for two-year terms. The five permanent members—the United States, Britain, France, Russia (formerly the Soviet Union), and China—have the most power. These nations were the winning powers at the end of World War Ⅱ, and they still represent the bulk of the world’s military might. Decisions of the Council require nine votes. But any one of the permanent members can veto an important decision. This authority is known as the veto right of the great powers. As a result, the Council is effective only when its permanent members can reach a consensus (一致同意) . The Council has a variety of ways it can try to resolve conflicts among countries. Usually the Council’s first step is to encourage the countries to settle their disagreements without violence. The Council can mediate a dispute or recommend guidelines for a settlement. It can send peacekeeping troops into a distressed area. If war breaks out, the Council can call for a ceasefire. It can enforce its decisions by imposing economic sanctions on a country, or through joint military action. The Security Council is effective only when its permanent members can reach a consensus because______.
Proper street behavior in the United States requires a nice balance of attention and inattention. You are supposed to look at a (21) just enough to show that you’re (22) of his presence. If you look too little, you appear arrogant or furtive (鬼鬼祟祟的), too much, (23) you’re inquisitive. Usually what happens is that people (24) each other until they are about eight feet (25) , at which point both cast down their eyes. Sociologist Dr. Erving Goffman (26) this as "a kind of dimming of lights." Much of eye behavior is so (27) that we react to it only on the intuitive level. The next time you have a (28) with someone who makes you feel liked, notice what he does with his eyes. (29) are he looks at you more often than is usual with (30) a little longer than the normal. You interpret this as a sign of a polite one (31) he is interested in you as a person (32) just in the topic of conversation. Probably you also feel that he is both (33) and sincere. All this has been demonstrated in elaborate (34) . Subjects sit and talk in the psychologist’s laboratory, (35) of the fact that their eye behavior is being (36) from a one-way vision screen. In one fairly typical experiment, (37) were induced to cheat while performing a task, then were (38) and observed. It was found that those who had (39) met the interviewer’s eyes less often than was (40) , an indication that "shifty eyes" to use the mystery writers’ stock phrase can actually be a tip-off to an attempt to deceive or to feelings of guilt. 28().
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