阅读以下文字,完成下列问题。鲸鱼不同于其他鱼类,是温血动物,从冰天雪地的南北极到酷热的赤道都可以看到鲸鱼的踪迹,无论是在什么样的环境下,鲸鱼的体温均保持在36摄氏度左右,常在极圈活动的鲸鱼会具有局部异温功能。像鲸鱼、海豹和海豚这些大部分时间或一直都呆在海里的哺乳动物,用特殊的高级脂肪“外衣”保持自己的体温。但对于那些必须通过潜水进行捕食的动物来说,光有皮毛保护是不够的,因为厚重毛发里的空气会被极强的水压挤出来,皮毛的保温功能会大大降低。而北冰洋和南极周围的海洋深水水温可以降到零下40摄氏度,没有其他的保暖措施显然不行。鲸鱼和其他温血动物最大的不同点在于,当其活动环境的温度较低时,水有相当大的比热及传热能力,因此温度变化很快,鲸鱼无法以聚集、筑巢等方式维持体温,于是演化出超厚的皮下脂肪。过去曾记录到鲸鱼脂肪厚度最高达50厘米。鲸脂是一层包裹整个身体的厚重脂肪“外衣”,重量可以达到体重的一半。这层脂肪含有细细的血管组织,除帮助保持体温,还为很多需要长途跋涉进行繁殖和觅食的海洋动物提供了重要能量储备。除此之外,这层脂肪还可以帮助快速游动的动物将身体塑造成流线型,减少在水中游动时所消耗的能量,同时提高速度。动物栖身的海水温度越低,脂肪也就越厚,鲸脂是通过吸食母体乳液获得的,举例来说,一只灰鲸幼仔每天要喝掉30加仑乳液。但这么厚的皮下脂肪还是不能完全阻挡体温外流,因此鲸鱼还需要摄取大量食物,以维持体温。鲸鱼的前鳍、尾鳍、背鳍并无鲸脂的分布,当鲸鱼潜到阳光照射不到的深海,或是南、北极时,鲸鱼的鱼鳍难道不会冻到无法活动吗对此,鲸鱼鳍上的动脉分为无数平行的小动脉,每条小动脉周围又被许多纵行的静脉血管包围,形成一个个血管束,利用动脉与静脉的紧密接触减少热能的散失,这点和企鹅脚不怕冷的道理是一样的。这个特别的系统,主要控制鲸鳍末端有可能散失的热量,继而保持体温,但当鲸鱼因为活动而体热增加时,这个机制就会自行关闭,动脉血将一直保持着原有的温度到达鳍肢,并把过多的热量散发出去,中途就不再把一部分热量传递给静脉。此外,鲸鱼还会通过血管的收缩有效维持体温。当鲸鱼潜入深海时,周围温度降低,鲸鱼体表的血管会收缩,将血液集中送往脑部、心脏、肝、肾等内脏器官,从而维持内部体温;相反,当水温上升时,体表的血管便会扩张,加速散热。 下列不符合文义的一项是()。
A. 鲸脂具有保持体温、储备能量的作用
B. 海洋动物的脂肪厚度与海水温度成正比
C. 有的温血动物通过聚集的方式维持体温
D. 幼鲸通过吸食母体乳液获得鲸脂
Americans today don’’ t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education―not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti- intellectualism in our schools aren’’t difficult to find. "Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual," says education writer Diane Ravitch. "Schools could be a counterbalance." Ravitch ’’ s latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, "We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society." "Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege," writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti- intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: "We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for I0 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing." Mark Twain’’ s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized― going to school and learning to read―so he can preserve his innate goodness. Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and imagines. School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country’’ s educational system is in the grips of people who "joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise." What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school
A. The habit of thinking independently.
B. Profound knowledge of the world.
C. Practical abilities for future career
D. The confidence in intellectual pursuits.
Ladies and Gentlemen,Welcome to Bibury System.We’re very honored to have the opportunity of making this presentation m you. In the next hour and a half, we hope to show that Bibury System has the right product range for today’s market place, and ambitious plans for the future. Our market share in Europe is growing at a steady rate, our marketing strategy in the U.S. is very successful, and lastly, we can be a major player in Far Eastern market. And we are sure that we can be a major player in all these markets. If you have any questions, please feel free to interrupt at any time. But first of all, some background information on Bibury System. As you know, the company was started over forty years ago by Mr. Harris Senior. In those early days, the company’s core business was model railways and cars.The presentation which is an introduction to (46) will last for one hour (47) . Bibury market share in Europe is (48) at a steady rate and its marketing strategy in (49) is very successful. The company was started over (50) by Mr. Harris Senior. 50()