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The medical world is gradually realizing that the quality of the environment in hospitals may play a significant role in the process of recovery from illness. As part of a nationwide effort in Britain to bring art out of the galleries and into public places, some of the country’’s most talented artists have been called in to transform older hospitals and to soften the hard edges of modern buildings. Of the 2,500 National Health Service hospitals in Britain, almost 100 now have significant collections of contemporary art in corridors, waiting areas and treatment rooms. These recent initiatives own a great deal to one artist, Peter Senior, who set up his studio at a Manchester hospital in north-eastern England during the early 1970s. He felt the artist had lost his place in modern society, and that art should be enjoyed by a wider audience. A typical hospital waiting room might have as many as 5 ,000 visitors each week. What better place to hold regular exhibitions of art Senior held the first exhibition of his own paintings in the out-patients’’ waiting area of the Manchester Royal Infirmary in 1975. Believed to be Britain’’s first hospital artist, Senior was so much in demand that he was soon joined by a team of six young art school graduates. The effect is striking. Instead of the familiar long, barren corridors and stark waiting rooms, the visitor experiences a full view of fresh colors, playful images and restful courtyards. The quality of the environment may reduce the need for expensive drugs when a patient is recovering from an illness. A study has shown that patients who had a view on to a garden needed half the number of strong painkillers compared with patients who had no view at all or only a brick wall to look at. What can we say of Peter Senior
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Perhaps it was his own lack of adequate schooling that inspired Horace Mann to work so hard to accomplish the important reforms in education. While he was still a boy, his father died, and he had to support his family. Like most of the children in his town, he attended school two or three months a year. Later, with the help of several teachers, he was able to study law and become a member of the Massachusetts bar, but he never forgot those early struggles. While serving in the Massachusetts legislature, he signed a historic education bill that set up a state board of education. Without regret, he gave up his successful legal practice to become the first secretary of the board. There he exercised an enormous influence during the critical period of reconstruction that brought into existence the American graded elementary school as a substitute for the older district school system. Under his leadership, the curriculum was restructured, the school year was increased to a minimum of six months, and mandatory schooling was extended to age sixteen. Other important reforms that came into existence under Mann’’s guidance included the establishment of state normal schools for teacher training. Considered quite radical at the time, the Massachusetts reforms later served as a model for the nation’’s educational system. Mann was formally recognized as the father of public education. During his lifetime, Horace Mann worked tirelessly to extend educational opportunities to agrarian families and the children of poor laborers. In one of his last speeches he summed up his philosophy of education and life: " Be ashamed to die until you have won some victory for humanity. " Why does the author mention Horace Mann’’s early life
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