Which receptors of the influenza virus are responsible for binding to the host cell?
A. hemagglutinin
B. type A
C. neuraminidase
D. capsid proteins
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The general steps in a viral multiplication cycle are
A. adsorption, penetration, synthesis, assembly, and release
B. endocytosis, replication, assembly, and budding
C. adsorption, duplication, assembly, and lysis
D. endocytosis, penetration, replication, maturation, and exocytosis
Which phase of a fungal life cycle is best adapted to growing in a host's body?
A. yeast
B. hyphal
C. conidial
D. filamentous
What property of the retroviruses enables them to integrate into the host genome?
A. the RNA they carry
B. presence of glycoprotein receptors
C. presence of integrase
D. a positive-sense genome
Which of these happen(s) in the case of antigenic shift in influenza A?
A. single mutations in hemagglutinin
B. recombination of RNA segments between bird and human strains
C. change from influenza A to influenza B
D. both a and b
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