A 70-year-old man who was hospitalized 3 weeks ago for a cerebral infarction is ambulating for the first time. Within minutes of returning to his hospital room, he has sudden onset of dyspnea with diaphoresis. He cannot be resuscitated. The gross appearance of the hilum of the left lung at autopsy is shown in the figure. Which of the following risk factors most likely contributed to this finding _ _
A. Venous stasis
B. Pulmonary arterial atherosclerosis
C. Lupus anticoagulant
D. Bronchopneumonia
E. Factor V mutation
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A 25-year-old woman has had multiple episodes of deep venous thrombosis during the past 10 years and one episode of pulmonary thromboembolism during the past year. Prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, and platelet function studies are all normal. Which of the following risk factors has most likely contributed to the patient's condition _ _
A. Factor V mutation
B. Antithrombin III deficiency
C. Mutation in protein C
D. Hyperhomocysteinemia
E. Smoking cigarettes
A 76-year-old woman is hospitalized after falling and fracturing her left femoral trochanter. Two weeks later, the left leg is swollen, particularly below the knee. She experiences pain on movement of the leg; on palpation, there is tenderness. Which of the following complications is most likely to occur after these events_ _
A. Gangrenous necrosis of the foot
B. Hematoma of the thigh
C. Disseminated intravascular coagulation
D. Pulmonary thromboembolism
E. Fat embolism
A l2-year-old boy has a history of multiple left tissue hemorrhages and acute upper airway obstruction from hematoma formation in the neck. On physical examination, he has decreased range of motion of the large joints, particularly the knees and ankles. He has no petechiae or purpura of the skin. Laboratory studies show normal prothrombin time, elevated partial thromboplastin time, and normal platelet count, but markedly decreased factor VIII activity. Which of the following mechanisms best describes the development of this disease _ _
A. Decrease in a reaction accelerator (cofactor) in the coagulation cascade
B. Decrease in phospholipid necessary for assembly of coagulation factors, cofactors, and calcium
C. Failure of platelet aggregation
D. Failure of fibrin polymerization
E. Inability to neutralize antithrombin III
A 29-year-old woman has a history of frequent nosebleeds and increased menstrual flow. On physical examination, petechiae and purpura are present on the skin of her extremities. Laboratory studies show normal partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and platelet count, and decreased von Willebrand factor activity. This patient most likely has a derangement in which of the following steps in hemostasis _ _
A. Vasoconstriction
B. Platelet adhesion
C. Platelet aggregation
D. Prothrombin generation
E. Prothrombin inhibition